las3_pub / predictable_parallel_patterns

It is still not working, however we now have no more redundant code, making debugging it simpler.

Everything so far is untested. We only made sure tha fast path still seems to function correctly. Next up is writing tests for both the fast and slow path to then introduce the slow path. After that we can look at performance optimizations.

This showcases the expected performance when a task executes a sub-tree without inference from other threads. We target to stay about 6x slower than a normal function call.

This first sketch of the classes captures what we think is needed in terms of general interface and very mich WIP.

We changed how the memory is allocated from passing char* buffers to then store objects into to creating 'fat objects' for all scheduler state. This eases development for us, as we can make changes to data structures without too much effort (e.g. add a second array to manage tasks if required).

This allows us to more easily handle them and makes their interface closer to std::thread.

The scheduler yields if it failed to steal any work due to the task
lists being empty. This should improve performance on multiprogrammed
systems, as it potentially makes room for other worker threads which
still have work to perform.

This allows the stack and deque class to use the same offset, making it work better with each other.

Threads must be joined on scheduler termination and tasks must be pushed onto the stack to allow better memory management.

This was highlighted as an issue in the steal_work routine, as frequent calls to virtual functions are expensive.

Please note that this does currently not execute, but only removed the 'old aspecs'. We are still missing launching the root fork_join task.

This is required to correctly execute multiple, consecutive wait_for_all calls in one fork_join_sub_task.

These currently do nothing but being boilerplate required to implement a new top level task.

The __thread implementation of thread local, static variables seems more efficient, so we activate this by default. If it is (for some reason) not available/slower than the pthread version, one can toggle it for the specific system/processor later on using macros.