las3_pub / predictable_parallel_patterns

We changed how the memory is allocated from passing char* buffers to then store objects into to creating 'fat objects' for all scheduler state. This eases development for us, as we can make changes to data structures without too much effort (e.g. add a second array to manage tasks if required).

This allows us to more easily handle them and makes their interface closer to std::thread.

The scheduler yields if it failed to steal any work due to the task
lists being empty. This should improve performance on multiprogrammed
systems, as it potentially makes room for other worker threads which
still have work to perform.

This allows the stack and deque class to use the same offset, making it work better with each other.

Threads must be joined on scheduler termination and tasks must be pushed onto the stack to allow better memory management.

Please note that this does currently not execute, but only removed the 'old aspecs'. We are still missing launching the root fork_join task.

Use only placement new on pre-allocated memory. This makes sure that we have to have no assumptions on the inital state of the memory region.

This lead to some bug-fixes that covered move constructors not correctly assigning memory. We might clean this up further by only allowing in place creation of these types (placement new).

The current solution is not clean, but allows us to change error handling later on without missing any point in the programm where we would want to use it.

This means that high level tasks can be stolen and lays the groundwork for implementing different tasks like classic work stealing.

Right now no work can be spawned, we simply have a proove of concept that we start up each thread, work for the master to finish and then synchronize back to the main thread.