las3_pub / predictable_parallel_patterns

There are serval ways we could optimize the calls, but for now this should be enough for first tests.

The current solution is not clean, but allows us to change error handling later on without missing any point in the programm where we would want to use it.

This implementation allows one to add the deque_item property to any class and then manage pointers to these items in a deque. We currently use a spinlock for concurrent access.

The lock was not released when an split_task was executed. We did a dirty fix by allowing the method to unlock the lock itself, but this has to be done cleaner in the future.

This means that high level tasks can be stolen and lays the groundwork for implementing different tasks like classic work stealing.

This will be used for storing thread tasks aligned in continous memory, allowing different theads to work on the data without interfearing.

Right now no work can be spawned, we simply have a proove of concept that we start up each thread, work for the master to finish and then synchronize back to the main thread.

This requires the user to explicitly manage the storage duration/place of the thread local state, making a fine grained memory allocation simpler.

See NOTES.md for details, basically std::thread can use dynamic memory allocation internaly and we want to prevent that.

We force linker errors if the new operator is used somewhere. See NOTES.md for details.

The local storage per thread is only a pointer, this must be assigned AFTER the local storage object has moved to it's final location (e.g. on the stack of the caller). We might even change this a little further in the future to make the location of the state object more transparent.

The first draft of the internal threading component is currently only implemented using the c++11 std::thread, pthread support will be added next.

Seperate library from other parts of project (samples, playground, testing, ...). We still are in one 'toplevel' cmake project, so we can for exmaple compile everything (library and playground) in debug mode, for simple development.