FORMUS3IC_LAS3 / embb

algorithms_cpp: unified behavior on empty input, added unit tests on empty and negative input ranges

Changed the run_tests_cygwin script to on be dependent on /bin/sh instead of on being dependent on bash. Was already done before with run_tests_unix, just copied those changes. Other scripts will not be touched, as we decided to not adjust complicated scripts.

Ticket EMBB-349

EMBB-372

Conflicts:
	algorithms_cpp/test/count_test.cc
	base_c/include/embb/base/c/internal/platform.h
	base_c/test/alloc_test.h
	base_c/test/condition_var_test.h
	base_c/test/core_set_test.h
	base_c/test/counter_test.h
	base_c/test/duration_test.h
	base_c/test/thread_index_test.h
	base_c/test/thread_specific_storage_test.h
	base_c/test/thread_test.h
	base_c/test/time_test.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/core_set.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/duration.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/exceptions.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/internal/duration-inl.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/internal/mutex-inl.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/internal/thread-inl.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/internal/thread_closures.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/internal/thread_specific_storage-inl.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/thread_specific_storage.h
	base_cpp/include/embb/base/time.h
	base_cpp/test/thread_test.h
	dataflow_cpp/include/embb/dataflow/internal/inputs.h

tutorial: Added paragraph to MTAPI C++ description regarding the performance impact of automatic initialization, references added in the algorithms and dataflow tutorials, added note to readme

mtapi: added description of default node attributes in mtapi_c and fixed typo in mtapi_cpp documentation