Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/development' into embb453_rwlock

(Merge was previously reverted accidentally. Re-applying merge to fix this.)

CHANGELOG.md

 Embedded Multicore Building Blocks (EMB²)
 Embedded Multicore Building Blocks (EMB²)
 =========================================
 =========================================
 
 
+Version 0.3.1
+-------------
+
+### Features:
+- None
+
+### Changes and improvements:
+- Removed one function argument from algorithms::Invoke
+- Added "explicit" specifier to base type constructor of Atomic<BaseType*>
+- Added "const" qualifier to dereference operator and member access operator of AtomicPointer<>
+- Changed AtomicBase<>::CompareAndSwap to atomically return expected value
+- Replaced constant in dataflow_cpp_test_simple.cc with corresponding macro
+- Added initialization of atomic variable in hazard_pointer_test.cc to avoid warning with GCC 5.1
+- Changed initial value of allocated_object_from_different_thread
+- Added tests for ID Pool and check for memory leaks
+- Updated unit test for the UniqueLock::Swap
+
+### Bug fixes:
+- Fixed implementation of ID pool (provided fewer elements than specified by capacity)
+- Fixed unsigned overflow bug in timed wait function of condition variables
+- Fixed implementation of UniqueLock::Swap
+
+### Build system:
+- Improved CMake output for automatic initialization option
+- Fixed cpplint and unsigned/signed warnings
+
+### Documentation:
+- Fixed documentation of UniqueLock class
+- Updated README file
+
+
 Version 0.3.0
 Version 0.3.0
 -------------
 -------------
 
 

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ cmake_minimum_required (VERSION 2.8.9)
 # Version number
 # Version number
 set (EMBB_BASE_VERSION_MAJOR 0)
 set (EMBB_BASE_VERSION_MAJOR 0)
 set (EMBB_BASE_VERSION_MINOR 3)
 set (EMBB_BASE_VERSION_MINOR 3)
-set (EMBB_BASE_VERSION_PATCH 0)
+set (EMBB_BASE_VERSION_PATCH 1)
 
 
 # Fix compilation for CMake versions >= 3.1
 # Fix compilation for CMake versions >= 3.1
 #
 #
@@ -59,7 +59,9 @@ IF(NOT OpenCL_FOUND)
   MESSAGE( STATUS "OpenCL is not there, will build without MTAPI OpenCL Plugin." )
   MESSAGE( STATUS "OpenCL is not there, will build without MTAPI OpenCL Plugin." )
 ENDIF()
 ENDIF()
 
 
-
+# give the user the possibility, to append compiler flags
+set (CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} ${EXTRA_CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS}")
+set (CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} ${EXTRA_CMAKE_C_FLAGS}")
 
 
 if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 if(NOT CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE)
 set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release" CACHE STRING
 set(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release" CACHE STRING
@@ -100,6 +102,13 @@ else()
 endif()
 endif()
 message("   (set with command line option -DWARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS=ON/OFF)")
 message("   (set with command line option -DWARNINGS_ARE_ERRORS=ON/OFF)")
 
 
+if (USE_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZATION STREQUAL ON)
+  message("-- MTAPI/Tasks automatic initialization enabled (default)")
+else()
+  message("-- MTAPI/Tasks automatic initialization disabled")
+endif()
+message("   (set with command line option -DUSE_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZATION=ON/OFF)")
+
 include(CMakeCommon/SetCompilerFlags.cmake)
 include(CMakeCommon/SetCompilerFlags.cmake)
 SetGNUCompilerFlags(compiler_libs compiler_flags)
 SetGNUCompilerFlags(compiler_libs compiler_flags)
 SetVisualStudioCompilerFlags(compiler_libs compiler_flags)
 SetVisualStudioCompilerFlags(compiler_libs compiler_flags)

README.md

@@ -270,8 +270,8 @@ If you want to use the C++ functionalities of EMB², you have to link the
 following libraries (names will be different on Windows and on Linux) in the
 following libraries (names will be different on Windows and on Linux) in the
 given order:
 given order:
 
 
-    embb_base, embb_base_cpp, embb_mtapi_c, embb_mtapi_cpp, embb_containers_cpp,
-    embb_algorithms_cpp, embb_dataflow_cpp
+    embb_dataflow_cpp, embb_algorithms_cpp, embb_containers_cpp,
+    embb_mtapi_cpp, embb_mtapi_c, embb_base_cpp, embb_base_c
 
 
 The C++ header files can be included as follows:
 The C++ header files can be included as follows:
 
 
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ The C++ header files can be included as follows:
 
 
 The following libraries have to be linked in the given order:
 The following libraries have to be linked in the given order:
 
 
-    embb_base_c, mtapi_c
+    embb_mtapi_c, embb_base_c
 
 
 The C header files can be included as follows:
 The C header files can be included as follows:
 
 
@@ -323,6 +323,8 @@ Known Bugs and Limitations
   is bounded by a predefined but modifiable constant (see functions
   is bounded by a predefined but modifiable constant (see functions
   embb_thread_get_max_count() / embb_thread_set_max_count() and class
   embb_thread_get_max_count() / embb_thread_set_max_count() and class
   embb::base::Thread).
   embb::base::Thread).
+- While MTAPI fully supports heterogeneous systems, the algorithms and
+  dataflow components are currently limited to homogeneous systems.
 
 
 
 
 Development and Contribution
 Development and Contribution

algorithms_cpp/include/embb/algorithms/invoke.h

@@ -49,33 +49,37 @@ typedef embb::base::Function<void> InvokeFunctionType;
 #ifdef DOXYGEN
 #ifdef DOXYGEN
 
 
 /**
 /**
- * Spawns one to ten function objects at once and runs them in parallel.
+ * Spawns two to ten function objects at once and runs them in parallel.
  *
  *
  * Blocks until all of them are done.
  * Blocks until all of them are done.
  *
  *
  * \ingroup CPP_ALGORITHMS_INVOKE
  * \ingroup CPP_ALGORITHMS_INVOKE
  */
  */
-template<typename Function1, ...>
+template<typename Function1, typename Function2, ...>
 void Invoke(
 void Invoke(
   Function1 func1,
   Function1 func1,
   /**< [in] First function object to invoke */
   /**< [in] First function object to invoke */
+  Function2 func2,
+  /**< [in] Second function object to invoke */
   ...);
   ...);
 
 
 /**
 /**
-* Spawns one to ten function objects at once and runs them in parallel using the
+* Spawns two to ten function objects at once and runs them in parallel using the
 * given embb::mtapi::ExecutionPolicy.
 * given embb::mtapi::ExecutionPolicy.
 *
 *
 * Blocks until all of them are done.
 * Blocks until all of them are done.
 *
 *
 * \ingroup CPP_ALGORITHMS_INVOKE
 * \ingroup CPP_ALGORITHMS_INVOKE
 */
 */
-template<typename Function1, ...>
+template<typename Function1, typename Function2, ...>
 void Invoke(
 void Invoke(
   Function1 func1,
   Function1 func1,
   /**< [in] Function object to invoke */
   /**< [in] Function object to invoke */
+  Function2 func2,
+  /**< [in] Second function object to invoke */
   ...,
   ...,
-  const embb::mtapi::ExecutionPolicy & policy
-  /**< [in] embb::mtapi::ExecutionPolicy to use */
+  const embb::tasks::ExecutionPolicy & policy
+  /**< [in] embb::tasks::ExecutionPolicy to use */
   );
   );
 
 
 #else // DOXYGEN
 #else // DOXYGEN
@@ -118,13 +122,6 @@ class TaskWrapper {
 };
 };
 } // namespace internal
 } // namespace internal
 
 
-template<typename Function1>
-void Invoke(
-  Function1 func1,
-  const embb::tasks::ExecutionPolicy& policy) {
-  internal::TaskWrapper<Function1> wrap1(func1, policy);
-}
-
 template<typename Function1, typename Function2>
 template<typename Function1, typename Function2>
 void Invoke(
 void Invoke(
   Function1 func1,
   Function1 func1,
@@ -290,12 +287,6 @@ template<typename Function1, typename Function2, typename Function3,
   internal::TaskWrapper<Function10> wrap10(func10, policy);
   internal::TaskWrapper<Function10> wrap10(func10, policy);
 }
 }
 
 
-template<typename Function1>
-void Invoke(
-  Function1 func1) {
-  Invoke(func1, embb::tasks::ExecutionPolicy());
-}
-
 template<typename Function1, typename Function2>
 template<typename Function1, typename Function2>
 void Invoke(
 void Invoke(
   Function1 func1,
   Function1 func1,

algorithms_cpp/test/invoke_test.cc

@@ -44,7 +44,6 @@ static void Invocable10() {}
 
 
 void InvokeTest::Test() {
 void InvokeTest::Test() {
   using embb::algorithms::Invoke;
   using embb::algorithms::Invoke;
-  Invoke(&Invocable1);
   Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2);
   Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2);
   Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3);
   Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3);
   Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4);
   Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4);
@@ -61,4 +60,24 @@ void InvokeTest::Test() {
          &Invocable6, &Invocable7, &Invocable8, &Invocable9);
          &Invocable6, &Invocable7, &Invocable8, &Invocable9);
   Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, &Invocable5,
   Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, &Invocable5,
          &Invocable6, &Invocable7, &Invocable8, &Invocable9, &Invocable10);
          &Invocable6, &Invocable7, &Invocable8, &Invocable9, &Invocable10);
+
+  embb::tasks::ExecutionPolicy policy;
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, policy);
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, policy);
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, policy);
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, &Invocable5,
+         policy);
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, &Invocable5,
+         &Invocable6, policy);
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, &Invocable5,
+         &Invocable6, &Invocable7, policy);
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, &Invocable5,
+         &Invocable6, &Invocable7, &Invocable8, policy);
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, &Invocable5,
+         &Invocable6, &Invocable7, &Invocable8, &Invocable9, policy);
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, &Invocable5,
+         &Invocable6, &Invocable7, &Invocable8, &Invocable9, policy);
+  Invoke(&Invocable1, &Invocable2, &Invocable3, &Invocable4, &Invocable5,
+         &Invocable6, &Invocable7, &Invocable8, &Invocable9, &Invocable10,
+         policy);
 }
 }

base_c/src/condition_variable.c

@@ -83,8 +83,8 @@ int embb_condition_wait_until(embb_condition_t* condition_var,
   embb_time_t now;
   embb_time_t now;
   embb_time_now(&now);
   embb_time_now(&now);
   /* Check if absolute timepoint (in milliseconds) still is in the future */
   /* Check if absolute timepoint (in milliseconds) still is in the future */
-  if (time->seconds * 1000 + time->nanoseconds / 1000000
-      - now.seconds * 1000 - now.nanoseconds / 1000000 > 0) {
+  if ((time->seconds * 1000 + time->nanoseconds / 1000000)
+      > (now.seconds * 1000 + now.nanoseconds / 1000000)) {
     /* Convert to (unsigned type) milliseconds and round up */
     /* Convert to (unsigned type) milliseconds and round up */
     DWORD time_diff = (DWORD) (
     DWORD time_diff = (DWORD) (
         time->seconds * 1000 + time->nanoseconds / 1000000
         time->seconds * 1000 + time->nanoseconds / 1000000

base_c/src/internal/thread_index.c

@@ -128,6 +128,20 @@ void embb_internal_thread_index_set_max(unsigned int max) {
   *embb_max_number_thread_indices() = max;
   *embb_max_number_thread_indices() = max;
 }
 }
 
 
+/**
+ * \pre the calling thread is the only active thread
+ *
+ * \post the thread indices count and calling thread index is reset
+ */
 void embb_internal_thread_index_reset() {
 void embb_internal_thread_index_reset() {
+  /** This function is only called in tests, usually when all other threads
+   * except the main thread have terminated. However, the main thread still has
+   * potentially stored its old index value in its thread local storage,
+   * which might be assigned additionally to another thread (as the counter is
+   * reset), which may lead to hard to detect bugs. Therefore, reset the thread
+   * local thread id here.
+   */
+  embb_internal_thread_index_var = UINT_MAX;
+
   embb_counter_init(embb_thread_index_counter());
   embb_counter_init(embb_thread_index_counter());
 }
 }
\ No newline at end of file

base_c/test/condition_var_test.cc

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ ConditionVarTest::ConditionVarTest()
   embb_condition_init(&cond_wait_);
   embb_condition_init(&cond_wait_);
   embb_mutex_init(&mutex_cond_wait_, EMBB_MUTEX_PLAIN);
   embb_mutex_init(&mutex_cond_wait_, EMBB_MUTEX_PLAIN);
 
 
-  CreateUnit("Timed wait timouts")
+  CreateUnit("Timed wait timeouts")
       .Add(&ConditionVarTest::TestTimedWaitTimeouts, this);
       .Add(&ConditionVarTest::TestTimedWaitTimeouts, this);
   if (num_threads_ >= 2) {
   if (num_threads_ >= 2) {
     CreateUnit("Condition Notify Test")
     CreateUnit("Condition Notify Test")
@@ -64,10 +64,10 @@ void ConditionVarTest::TestNotify() {
 
 
     while (embb_counter_get(&counter_)
     while (embb_counter_get(&counter_)
         < static_cast<unsigned int>(num_threads_-1))
         < static_cast<unsigned int>(num_threads_-1))
-    {}  // all threads entered critical section
+    {}  // All threads entered critical section
     embb_mutex_lock(&mutex_cond_notify_);
     embb_mutex_lock(&mutex_cond_notify_);
     embb_mutex_unlock(&mutex_cond_notify_);
     embb_mutex_unlock(&mutex_cond_notify_);
-    // All threads called wait on the condition (Even last thread)
+    // All threads called wait on the condition (even last thread)
 
 
     embb_counter_init(&counter_);
     embb_counter_init(&counter_);
 
 
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ void ConditionVarTest::TestNotify() {
     embb_mutex_lock(&mutex_cond_wait_);
     embb_mutex_lock(&mutex_cond_wait_);
     embb_condition_wait_for(&cond_wait_, &mutex_cond_wait_, &duration);
     embb_condition_wait_for(&cond_wait_, &mutex_cond_wait_, &duration);
     while (embb_counter_get(&counter_) == 0)
     while (embb_counter_get(&counter_) == 0)
-    {} //if hangs here signal has not succeded
+    {} // If test hangs here, signalling has not succeeded
     PT_ASSERT_EQ_MSG(embb_counter_get(&counter_), static_cast<unsigned int>(1),
     PT_ASSERT_EQ_MSG(embb_counter_get(&counter_), static_cast<unsigned int>(1),
         "Only one thread notified");
         "Only one thread notified");
 
 
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ void ConditionVarTest::TestNotify() {
 
 
     while (embb_counter_get(&counter_) !=
     while (embb_counter_get(&counter_) !=
         static_cast<unsigned int>(num_threads_-1))
         static_cast<unsigned int>(num_threads_-1))
-    {} // If this hangs then not all threads were notified.
+    {} // If test hangs here, not all threads were notified
 
 
     embb_mutex_unlock(&mutex_cond_wait_);
     embb_mutex_unlock(&mutex_cond_wait_);
     embb_mutex_destroy(&mutex_cond_wait_);
     embb_mutex_destroy(&mutex_cond_wait_);
@@ -105,13 +105,13 @@ void ConditionVarTest::TestTimedWaitTimeouts() {
   embb_time_t time;
   embb_time_t time;
   embb_duration_t duration = EMBB_DURATION_INIT;
   embb_duration_t duration = EMBB_DURATION_INIT;
 
 
-  // Wait for now tests already passed time point
+  // Wait for "now" tests already passed time point
   embb_time_now(&time);
   embb_time_now(&time);
   embb_mutex_lock(&mutex);
   embb_mutex_lock(&mutex);
   int status = embb_condition_wait_until(&cond, &mutex, &time);
   int status = embb_condition_wait_until(&cond, &mutex, &time);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(status, EMBB_TIMEDOUT);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(status, EMBB_TIMEDOUT);
 
 
-  // Wait for a future timepoint
+  // Wait for a future time point
   status = embb_duration_set_milliseconds(&duration, 1);
   status = embb_duration_set_milliseconds(&duration, 1);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(status, EMBB_SUCCESS);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(status, EMBB_SUCCESS);
   status = embb_time_in(&time, &duration); // Time now
   status = embb_time_in(&time, &duration); // Time now

base_c/test/time_test.cc

@@ -36,6 +36,9 @@ namespace test {
 
 
 TimeTest::TimeTest() {
 TimeTest::TimeTest() {
   CreateUnit("Time in duration").Add(&TimeTest::TestTimeInDuration, this);
   CreateUnit("Time in duration").Add(&TimeTest::TestTimeInDuration, this);
+  CreateUnit("Monotonicity").Add(
+      &TimeTest::TestMonotonicity, this,
+      1, partest::TestSuite::GetDefaultNumIterations() * 10);
 }
 }
 
 
 void TimeTest::TestTimeInDuration() {
 void TimeTest::TestTimeInDuration() {
@@ -48,6 +51,20 @@ void TimeTest::TestTimeInDuration() {
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(status, EMBB_SUCCESS);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(status, EMBB_SUCCESS);
 }
 }
 
 
+void TimeTest::TestMonotonicity() {
+  embb_time_t first;
+  embb_time_t second;
+  int status1 = embb_time_in(&first, embb_duration_zero());
+  int status2 = embb_time_in(&second, embb_duration_zero());
+  PT_EXPECT_EQ(status1, EMBB_SUCCESS);
+  PT_EXPECT_EQ(status2, EMBB_SUCCESS);
+  unsigned long long first_abs = first.seconds * 1000 +
+                                 first.nanoseconds / 1000000;
+  unsigned long long second_abs = second.seconds * 1000 +
+                                  second.nanoseconds / 1000000;
+  PT_EXPECT_GE(second_abs, first_abs);
+}
+
 } // namespace test
 } // namespace test
 } // namespace base
 } // namespace base
 } // namespace embb
 } // namespace embb

base_c/test/time_test.h

@@ -42,9 +42,14 @@ class TimeTest : public partest::TestCase {
 
 
  private:
  private:
   /**
   /**
-   * Tests time in duration method.
+   * Tests time-in-duration method.
    */
    */
   void TestTimeInDuration();
   void TestTimeInDuration();
+
+  /**
+   * Tests that succeedingly taken times are monotonously increasing.
+   */
+  void TestMonotonicity();
 };
 };
 
 
 } // namespace test
 } // namespace test

base_cpp/include/embb/base/atomic.h

@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ class Atomic<BaseType*> : public embb::base::internal::atomic::
  public:
  public:
   Atomic() : embb::base::internal::atomic::
   Atomic() : embb::base::internal::atomic::
     AtomicPointer<BaseType, ptrdiff_t, sizeof(BaseType*)>() {}
     AtomicPointer<BaseType, ptrdiff_t, sizeof(BaseType*)>() {}
-  Atomic(BaseType* p) : embb::base::internal::atomic::
+  explicit Atomic(BaseType* p) : embb::base::internal::atomic::
     AtomicPointer<BaseType, ptrdiff_t, sizeof(BaseType*)>(p) {}
     AtomicPointer<BaseType, ptrdiff_t, sizeof(BaseType*)>(p) {}
 
 
   BaseType* operator=(BaseType* p) {
   BaseType* operator=(BaseType* p) {

base_cpp/include/embb/base/internal/atomic/atomic_base.h

@@ -177,8 +177,7 @@ CompareAndSwap(BaseType& expected, BaseType desired) {
     compare_and_swap(&AtomicValue, &native_expected, native_desired)) !=0
     compare_and_swap(&AtomicValue, &native_expected, native_desired)) !=0
     ? true : false;
     ? true : false;
 
 
-  if (!return_val)
-    expected = Load();
+  memcpy(&expected, &native_expected, sizeof(expected));
 
 
   return return_val;
   return return_val;
 }
 }

base_cpp/include/embb/base/internal/atomic/atomic_pointer.h

@@ -65,8 +65,8 @@ class AtomicPointer : public AtomicArithmetic<BaseType*, DifferenceType, S> {
   bool IsPointer() const;
   bool IsPointer() const;
 
 
   // The methods below are documented in atomic.h
   // The methods below are documented in atomic.h
-  BaseType* operator->();
-  BaseType& operator*();
+  BaseType* operator->() const;
+  BaseType& operator*() const;
 };
 };
 
 
 template<typename BaseType, typename DifferenceType, size_t S>
 template<typename BaseType, typename DifferenceType, size_t S>
@@ -93,13 +93,13 @@ inline bool AtomicPointer<BaseType, DifferenceType, S>::
 
 
 template<typename BaseType, typename DifferenceType, size_t S>
 template<typename BaseType, typename DifferenceType, size_t S>
 inline BaseType* AtomicPointer<BaseType, DifferenceType, S>::
 inline BaseType* AtomicPointer<BaseType, DifferenceType, S>::
-  operator->() {
+  operator->() const {
   return this->Load();
   return this->Load();
 }
 }
 
 
 template<typename BaseType, typename DifferenceType, size_t S>
 template<typename BaseType, typename DifferenceType, size_t S>
 inline BaseType& AtomicPointer<BaseType, DifferenceType, S>::
 inline BaseType& AtomicPointer<BaseType, DifferenceType, S>::
-  operator*() {
+  operator*() const {
   return *(this->Load());
   return *(this->Load());
 }
 }
 
 

base_cpp/include/embb/base/internal/mutex-inl.h

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@
 #define EMBB_BASE_INTERNAL_MUTEX_INL_H_
 #define EMBB_BASE_INTERNAL_MUTEX_INL_H_
 
 
 #include <cassert>
 #include <cassert>
+#include <algorithm>
 
 
 namespace embb {
 namespace embb {
 namespace base {
 namespace base {
@@ -95,8 +96,8 @@ void UniqueLock<Mutex>::Unlock() {
 
 
 template<typename Mutex>
 template<typename Mutex>
 void UniqueLock<Mutex>::Swap(UniqueLock<Mutex>& other) {
 void UniqueLock<Mutex>::Swap(UniqueLock<Mutex>& other) {
-  locked_ = other.locked_;
-  mutex_ = other.Release();
+  std::swap(mutex_, other.mutex_);
+  std::swap(locked_, other.locked_);
 }
 }
 
 
 template<typename Mutex>
 template<typename Mutex>

base_cpp/include/embb/base/mutex.h

@@ -439,11 +439,11 @@ class UniqueLock {
   void Unlock();
   void Unlock();
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Transfers ownership of a mutex to this lock.
+   * Exchanges ownership of the wrapped mutex with another lock.
    */
    */
   void Swap(
   void Swap(
     UniqueLock<Mutex>& other
     UniqueLock<Mutex>& other
-    /**< [IN/OUT] Lock from which ownership shall be transferred */
+    /**< [IN/OUT] The lock to exchange ownership with */
     );
     );
 
 
   /**
   /**

base_cpp/test/mutex_test.cc

@@ -191,13 +191,21 @@ void MutexTest::TestUniqueLock() {
   }
   }
 
 
   { // Test lock swapping
   { // Test lock swapping
-    UniqueLock<> lock1;
-    UniqueLock<> lock2(mutex_);
-    PT_EXPECT_EQ(lock1.OwnsLock(), false);
-    PT_EXPECT_EQ(lock2.OwnsLock(), true);
-    lock1.Swap(lock2);
+    UniqueLock<> lock1(mutex_);
     PT_EXPECT_EQ(lock1.OwnsLock(), true);
     PT_EXPECT_EQ(lock1.OwnsLock(), true);
+
+    {
+      UniqueLock<> lock2;
       PT_EXPECT_EQ(lock2.OwnsLock(), false);
       PT_EXPECT_EQ(lock2.OwnsLock(), false);
+
+      lock1.Swap(lock2);
+      PT_EXPECT_EQ(lock1.OwnsLock(), false);
+      PT_EXPECT_EQ(lock2.OwnsLock(), true);
+    }
+
+    // At this point, "lock2" was destroyed and "mutex_" must be unlocked.
+    UniqueLock<> lock3(mutex_, embb::base::try_lock);
+    PT_EXPECT_EQ(lock3.OwnsLock(), true);
   }
   }
 }
 }
 
 

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/internal/hazard_pointer-inl.h

@@ -30,386 +30,360 @@
 namespace embb {
 namespace embb {
 namespace containers {
 namespace containers {
 namespace internal {
 namespace internal {
-template< typename ElementT >
-FixedSizeList<ElementT>::FixedSizeList(size_t max_size) :
-  max_size(max_size),
-  size(0) {
-  elementsArray = static_cast<ElementT*>(
-    embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(sizeof(ElementT) *
-    max_size));
-}
-
-template< typename ElementT >
-inline size_t FixedSizeList<ElementT>::GetSize() const {
-  return size;
-}
-
-template< typename ElementT >
-inline size_t FixedSizeList<ElementT>::GetMaxSize() const {
-  return max_size;
-}
-
-template< typename ElementT >
-inline void FixedSizeList<ElementT>::clear() {
-  size = 0;
-}
-
-template< typename ElementT >
-typename FixedSizeList<ElementT>::iterator
-FixedSizeList<ElementT>::begin() const {
-  return &elementsArray[0];
-}
-
-template< typename ElementT >
-typename FixedSizeList<ElementT>::iterator
-FixedSizeList<ElementT>::end() const {
-  return &elementsArray[size];
-}
-
-template< typename ElementT >
-FixedSizeList< ElementT > &
-FixedSizeList<ElementT>::operator= (const FixedSizeList & other) {
-  size = 0;
-
-  if (max_size < other.size) {
-    EMBB_THROW(embb::base::ErrorException, "Copy target to small");
-  }
-
-  for (const_iterator it = other.begin(); it != other.end(); ++it) {
-    PushBack(*it);
-  }
-  return *this;
-}
-
-template< typename ElementT >
-bool FixedSizeList<ElementT>::PushBack(ElementT const el) {
-  if (size + 1 > max_size) {
-    return false;
-  }
-  elementsArray[size] = el;
-  size++;
-  return true;
-}
-
-template< typename ElementT >
-FixedSizeList<ElementT>::~FixedSizeList() {
-  embb::base::Allocation::Free(elementsArray);
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-bool HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::IsActive() {
-  return is_active;
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-bool HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::TryReserve() {
-  bool expected = false;
-  return is_active.CompareAndSwap(expected, true);
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::Deactivate() {
-  is_active = false;
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-size_t HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::GetRetiredCounter() {
-  return retired_list.GetSize();
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-FixedSizeList< GuardType >& HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::
-GetRetired() {
-  return retired_list;
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-FixedSizeList< GuardType >& HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::
-GetRetiredTemp() {
-  return retired_list_temp;
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-FixedSizeList< GuardType >& HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::
-GetHazardTemp() {
-  return hazard_pointer_list_temp;
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::
-SetRetired(internal::FixedSizeList< GuardType > const & retired_list) {
-  this->retired_list = retired_list;
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::
-HazardPointerThreadEntry(GuardType undefined_guard, int guards_per_thread,
-  size_t max_size_retired_list) :
-#ifdef EMBB_DEBUG
-  who_is_scanning(-1),
+// Visual Studio is complaining, that the return in the last line of this
+// function is not reachable. This is true, as long as exceptions are enabled.
+// Otherwise, the exception becomes an assertion and with disabling assertions,
+// the code becomes reachable. So, disabling this warning.
+#ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4702)
 #endif
 #endif
-  undefined_guard(undefined_guard),
-  guards_per_thread(guards_per_thread),
-  max_size_retired_list(max_size_retired_list),
-  // initially, each potential thread is active... if that is not the case
-  // another thread could call "HelpScan", and block this thread in making
-  // progress.
-  // Still, threads can be leave the hazard pointer processing (deactivation),
-  // but this can only be done once, i.e., this is not revertable...
-  is_active(1),
-  retired_list(max_size_retired_list),
-  retired_list_temp(max_size_retired_list),
-  hazard_pointer_list_temp(embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount() *
-    guards_per_thread) {
-  // Initialize guarded pointer list
-  guarded_pointers = static_cast<embb::base::Atomic<GuardType>*>
-    (embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(
-    sizeof(embb::base::Atomic<GuardType>)*guards_per_thread));
-
-  for (int i = 0; i != guards_per_thread; ++i) {
-    new (static_cast<void*>(&guarded_pointers[i]))
-      embb::base::Atomic<GuardType>(undefined_guard);
-  }
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::~HazardPointerThreadEntry() {
-  for (int i = 0; i != guards_per_thread; ++i) {
-    guarded_pointers[i].~Atomic();
-  }
-
-  embb::base::Allocation::Free(guarded_pointers);
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-GuardType HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::GetGuard(int pos) const {
-  return guarded_pointers[pos];
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::AddRetired(GuardType pointerToGuard) {
-  retired_list.PushBack(pointerToGuard);
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::
-GuardPointer(int guardNumber, GuardType pointerToGuard) {
-  guarded_pointers[guardNumber] = pointerToGuard;
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointerThreadEntry<GuardType>::SetActive(bool active) {
-  is_active = active;
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-unsigned int HazardPointer< GuardType >::GetCurrentThreadIndex() {
-  unsigned int thread_index;
-  int return_val = embb_internal_thread_index(&thread_index);
-
-  if (return_val != EMBB_SUCCESS)
-    EMBB_THROW(embb::base::ErrorException, "Could not get thread id!");
-
-  return thread_index;
-}
-template< typename GuardType >
-bool HazardPointer< GuardType >::IsThresholdExceeded() {
-  double retiredCounterLocThread =
-    static_cast<double>(GetHazardPointerElementForCurrentThread().
-    GetRetiredCounter());
-
-  return (retiredCounterLocThread >=
-    RETIRE_THRESHOLD *
-    static_cast<double>(active_hazard_pointer)*
-    static_cast<double>(guards_per_thread));
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-size_t HazardPointer< GuardType >::GetActiveHazardPointers() {
-  return active_hazard_pointer;
-}
-template< typename GuardType >
-typename HazardPointer< GuardType >::HazardPointerThreadEntry_t &
-HazardPointer< GuardType >::GetHazardPointerElementForCurrentThread() {
-  // For each thread, there is a slot in the hazard pointer array.
-  // Initially, the active flag of a hazard pointer entry is false.
-  // Only the respective thread changes the flag from true to false.
-  // This means that the current thread tells that he is about to
-  // stop operating, and the others are responsible for his retired
-  // list.
-
-  return hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[GetCurrentThreadIndex()];
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointer< GuardType >::HelpScan() {
-  // This is a little bit different than in the paper. In the paper,
-  // the retired nodes from other threads are added to our retired list.
-  // To be able to give a bound on memory consumption, we execute scan
-  // for those threads, without moving elements. The effect shall be
-  // the same.
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != hazard_pointers; ++i) {
-    // Try to find non active lists...
-    if (!hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[i].IsActive() &&
-      hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[i].TryReserve()) {
-      // Here: grab retired things, first check if there are any...
-      if (hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[i].GetRetiredCounter() > 0) {
-        Scan(&hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[i]);
-      }
-
-      // We are done, mark it as deactivated again
-      hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[i].Deactivate();
-    }
-  }
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointer< GuardType >::
-Scan(HazardPointerThreadEntry_t* currentHazardPointerEntry) {
-#ifdef EMBB_DEBUG
-  // scan should only be executed by one thread at a time, otherwise we have
-  // a bug... this assertions checks that
+  template< typename GuardType >
+  unsigned int HazardPointer< GuardType >::GetObjectLocalThreadIndex() {
+    // first, get the EMBB native thread id.
+    unsigned int embb_thread_index;
+
+    int return_val = embb_internal_thread_index(&embb_thread_index);
+
+    if (return_val != EMBB_SUCCESS) {
+      EMBB_THROW(embb::base::ErrorException, "Could not get thread id");
+    }
+
+    // iterate over the mappings array
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != max_accessors_count_; ++i) {
+      // end of mappings? then we need to write our id
+      if (thread_id_mapping_[i] == -1) {
+        // try to CAS the initial value with out thread id
         int expected = -1;
         int expected = -1;
-  if (!currentHazardPointerEntry->GetScanningThread().CompareAndSwap(
-    expected, static_cast<int>(GetCurrentThreadIndex()))) {
-    assert(false);
+        if (thread_id_mapping_[i].CompareAndSwap(expected,
+          static_cast<int>(embb_thread_index))) {
+          //successful, return our mapping
+          return i;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (thread_id_mapping_[i] == static_cast<int>(embb_thread_index)) {
+        // found our mapping!
+        return i;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // when we reach this point, we have too many accessors
+    // (no mapping possible)
+    EMBB_THROW(embb::base::ErrorException, "Too many accessors");
+
+    return 0;
   }
   }
+#ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
 #endif
 #endif
-  // In this function, we compute the intersection between local retired
-  // pointers and all hazard pointers. This intersection cannot be deleted and
-  // forms the new local retired pointers list.
-  // It is assumed that the union of all retired pointers contains no two
-  // pointers with the same value. However, the union of all hazard guards
-  // might.
-
-  // Here, we store the temporary hazard pointers. We have to store them,
-  // as iterating multiple time over them might be expensive, as this
-  // atomic array is shared between threads.
-  currentHazardPointerEntry->GetHazardTemp().clear();
-
-  // Get all active hazard pointers!
-  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != hazard_pointers; ++i) {
-    // Only consider guards of active threads
-    if (hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[i].IsActive()) {
-      // For each guard in an hazard pointer entry
-      for (int pos = 0; pos != guards_per_thread; ++pos) {
-        GuardType guard = hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[i].GetGuard(pos);
-
-        // UndefinedGuard means not guarded
-        if (guard == undefined_guard)
-          continue;
-
-        currentHazardPointerEntry->GetHazardTemp().PushBack(guard);
-      }
-    }
-  }
-
-  currentHazardPointerEntry->GetRetiredTemp().clear();
-
-  // Sort them, we will do a binary search on each entry from the retired list
-  std::sort(
-    currentHazardPointerEntry->GetHazardTemp().begin(),
-    currentHazardPointerEntry->GetHazardTemp().end());
-
-  for (
-    EMBB_CONTAINERS_CPP_DEPENDANT_TYPENAME FixedSizeList< GuardType >::iterator
-      it = currentHazardPointerEntry->GetRetired().begin();
-  it != currentHazardPointerEntry->GetRetired().end(); ++it) {
-    if (false == ::std::binary_search(
-      currentHazardPointerEntry->GetHazardTemp().begin(),
-      currentHazardPointerEntry->GetHazardTemp().end(), *it)) {
-      this->free_guard_callback(*it);
+
+  template< typename GuardType >
+  void HazardPointer< GuardType >::RemoveGuard(int guard_position) {
+    const unsigned int my_thread_id = GetObjectLocalThreadIndex();
+
+    // check invariants...
+    assert(guard_position < max_guards_per_thread_);
+    assert(my_thread_id < max_accessors_count_);
+
+    // set guard
+    guards_[guard_position*max_accessors_count_ + my_thread_id] =
+      undefined_guard_;
+  }
+
+  template< typename GuardType >
+  HazardPointer< GuardType >::HazardPointer(
+    embb::base::Function<void, GuardType> freeGuardCallback,
+    GuardType undefined_guard, int guardsPerThread, int accessors) :
+    max_accessors_count_(accessors < 0 ?
+    embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount() : accessors),
+    undefined_guard_(undefined_guard),
+    max_guards_per_thread_(guardsPerThread),
+    release_object_callback_(freeGuardCallback),
+    thread_id_mapping_(static_cast<embb::base::Atomic<int>*>(
+      embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(sizeof(embb::base::Atomic<int>)
+      *max_accessors_count_))),
+    guards_(static_cast<embb::base::Atomic< GuardType >*>
+      (embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(
+      sizeof(embb::base::Atomic< GuardType >) * max_guards_per_thread_ *
+      max_accessors_count_))),
+    thread_local_retired_lists_temp_(static_cast<GuardType*>
+      (embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(
+      sizeof(GuardType) * max_guards_per_thread_ * max_accessors_count_ *
+      max_accessors_count_
+      ))),
+    thread_local_retired_lists_(static_cast<GuardType*>
+      (embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(
+      sizeof(GuardType) * max_guards_per_thread_ * max_accessors_count_ *
+      max_accessors_count_
+      ))) {
+    const unsigned int count_guards =
+      max_guards_per_thread_ * max_accessors_count_;
+
+    const unsigned int count_ret_elements =
+      count_guards * max_accessors_count_;
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != max_accessors_count_; ++i) {
+      //in-place new for each cell
+      new (&thread_id_mapping_[i]) embb::base::Atomic < int >(-1);
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != count_guards; ++i) {
+      //in-place new for each cell
+      new (&guards_[i]) embb::base::Atomic < GuardType >(undefined_guard);
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != count_ret_elements; ++i) {
+      //in-place new for each cell
+      new (&thread_local_retired_lists_temp_[i]) GuardType(undefined_guard);
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != count_ret_elements; ++i) {
+      //in-place new for each cell
+      new (&thread_local_retired_lists_[i]) GuardType(undefined_guard);
+    }
+  }
+
+  template< typename GuardType >
+  HazardPointer< GuardType >::~HazardPointer() {
+    const unsigned int count_guards =
+      max_guards_per_thread_ * max_accessors_count_;
+
+    const unsigned int count_ret_elements =
+      count_guards * max_accessors_count_;
+
+    // Release references from all retired lists. Note that for this to work,
+    // the data structure using hazard pointer has still to be active... So
+    // first, the hazard pointer class shall be destructed, then the memory
+    // management class (e.g. some pool). Otherwise, the hazard pointer class
+    // would try to return memory to an already destructed memory manager.
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != count_ret_elements; ++i) {
+      GuardType pointerToFree =
+          thread_local_retired_lists_[i];
+      if (pointerToFree == undefined_guard_) {
+        break;
+      }
+      release_object_callback_(pointerToFree);
+    }
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != max_accessors_count_; ++i) {
+      thread_id_mapping_[i].~Atomic();
+    }
+
+    embb::base::Allocation::Free(thread_id_mapping_);
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != count_guards; ++i) {
+      guards_[i].~Atomic();
+    }
+
+    embb::base::Allocation::Free(guards_);
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != count_ret_elements; ++i) {
+      thread_local_retired_lists_temp_[i].~GuardType();
+    }
+
+    embb::base::Allocation::Free(thread_local_retired_lists_temp_);
+
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != count_ret_elements; ++i) {
+      thread_local_retired_lists_[i].~GuardType();
+    }
+
+    embb::base::Allocation::Free(thread_local_retired_lists_);
+  }
+
+  template< typename GuardType >
+  void HazardPointer< GuardType >::Guard(int guardPosition,
+    GuardType guardedElement) {
+    const unsigned int my_thread_id = GetObjectLocalThreadIndex();
+
+    // check invariants...
+    assert(guardPosition < max_guards_per_thread_);
+    assert(my_thread_id < max_accessors_count_);
+
+    // set guard
+    guards_[guardPosition*max_accessors_count_ + my_thread_id] = guardedElement;
+  }
+
+  template< typename GuardType >
+  size_t HazardPointer< GuardType >::ComputeMaximumRetiredObjectCount(
+  size_t guardsPerThread, int accessors) {
+    unsigned int accessorCount = (accessors == -1 ?
+      embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount() :
+      accessors);
+
+    return static_cast<size_t>(
+        guardsPerThread * accessorCount * accessorCount);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Remark: it might be faster to just swap pointers for temp retired list and
+   * retired list. However, with the current implementation (one array for all
+   * retired and retired temp lists, respectively) this is not possible. This is
+   * not changed until this copying accounts for a performance problem. The
+   * copying is not the bottleneck currently.
+   */
+  template< typename GuardType >
+  void HazardPointer< GuardType >::CopyRetiredList(GuardType* sourceList,
+    GuardType* targetList, unsigned int retiredListSize,
+    GuardType undefinedGuard) {
+    bool done = false;
+    for (unsigned int ii = 0; ii != retiredListSize; ++ii) {
+      if (!done) {
+        GuardType guardToCopy = sourceList[ii];
+
+        if (guardToCopy == undefinedGuard) {
+          done = true;
+
+          if (targetList[ii] == undefinedGuard) {
+            // end of target list
+            break;
+          }
+        }
+        targetList[ii] = guardToCopy;
       } else {
       } else {
-      currentHazardPointerEntry->GetRetiredTemp().PushBack(*it);
+        // we copied the whole source list, remaining values in the target
+        // have to be zeroed.
+        if (targetList[ii] == undefinedGuard) {
+          // end of target list
+          break;
+        } else {
+          targetList[ii] = undefinedGuard;
+        }
+      }
     }
     }
   }
   }
-  currentHazardPointerEntry->SetRetired(
-    currentHazardPointerEntry->GetRetiredTemp());
 
 
-#ifdef EMBB_DEBUG
-  currentHazardPointerEntry->GetScanningThread().Store(-1);
-#endif
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-size_t HazardPointer< GuardType >::GetRetiredListMaxSize() const {
-  return static_cast<size_t>(RETIRE_THRESHOLD *
-        static_cast<double>(embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount()) *
-        static_cast<double>(guards_per_thread)) + 1;
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-HazardPointer< GuardType >::HazardPointer(
-  embb::base::Function<void, GuardType> free_guard_callback,
-  GuardType undefined_guard, int guards_per_thread) :
-  undefined_guard(undefined_guard),
-  guards_per_thread(guards_per_thread),
-  //initially, all potential hazard pointers are active...
-  active_hazard_pointer(embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount()),
-  free_guard_callback(free_guard_callback) {
-  hazard_pointers = embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount();
-
-  hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array = static_cast<HazardPointerThreadEntry_t*>(
-    embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(sizeof(HazardPointerThreadEntry_t) *
-    hazard_pointers));
-
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != hazard_pointers; ++i) {
-    new (static_cast<void*>(&(hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[i])))
-      HazardPointerThreadEntry_t(undefined_guard, guards_per_thread,
-      GetRetiredListMaxSize());
-  }
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-HazardPointer< GuardType >::~HazardPointer() {
-  for (size_t i = 0; i != hazard_pointers; ++i) {
-    hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[i].~HazardPointerThreadEntry_t();
-  }
-
-  embb::base::Allocation::Free(static_cast < void* >
-    (hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array));
-}
-
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointer< GuardType >::DeactivateCurrentThread() {
-  HazardPointerThreadEntry_t* current_thread_entry =
-    &hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array[GetCurrentThreadIndex()];
-
-  // Deactivating a non-active hazard pointer entry has no effect!
-  if (!current_thread_entry->IsActive()) {
+  template< typename GuardType >
+  void HazardPointer< GuardType >::UpdateRetiredList(GuardType* retired_list,
+    GuardType* updated_retired_list, unsigned int retired_list_size,
+    GuardType guarded_element, GuardType considered_hazard,
+    GuardType undefined_guard) {
+    // no hazard set here
+    if (considered_hazard == undefined_guard)
         return;
         return;
-  } else {
-    current_thread_entry->SetActive(false);
-    active_hazard_pointer--;
+
+    // if this hazard is currently in the union of
+    // threadLocalRetiredLists and pointerToRetire, but not yet in
+    // threadLocalRetiredListsTemp, add it to that list
+    bool contained_in_union = false;
+
+    // first iterate over our retired list
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != retired_list_size; ++i) {
+      // when reaching 0, we can stop iterating (end of the "list")
+      if (retired_list[i] == 0)
+          break;
+
+      // the hazard is contained in the retired list... it shall go
+      // into the temp list, if not already there
+      if (retired_list[i] == considered_hazard) {
+        contained_in_union = true;
+        break;
+      }
     }
     }
-}
 
 
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointer< GuardType >::GuardPointer(int guardPosition,
-  GuardType guardedElement) {
-  GetHazardPointerElementForCurrentThread().GuardPointer(
-    guardPosition, guardedElement);
-}
+    // the union also contains pointerToRetire
+    if (!contained_in_union) {
+      contained_in_union = (considered_hazard == guarded_element);
+    }
 
 
-template< typename GuardType >
-void HazardPointer< GuardType >::EnqueuePointerForDeletion(
-  GuardType guardedElement) {
-  GetHazardPointerElementForCurrentThread().AddRetired(guardedElement);
-  if (IsThresholdExceeded()) {
-    HazardPointerThreadEntry_t* currentHazardPointerEntry =
-      &GetHazardPointerElementForCurrentThread();
+    // add the pointer to temp. retired list, if not already there
+    if (contained_in_union) {
+      for (unsigned int ii = 0; ii != retired_list_size; ++ii) {
+        // is it already there?
+        if (updated_retired_list[ii] == considered_hazard)
+            break;
+
+        // end of the list
+        if (updated_retired_list[ii] == undefined_guard) {
+          // add hazard
+          updated_retired_list[ii] = considered_hazard;
+
+          // we are done here...
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  template< typename GuardType >
+  void HazardPointer< GuardType >::EnqueueForDeletion(GuardType toRetire) {
+    unsigned int my_thread_id = GetObjectLocalThreadIndex();
+
+    // check for invariant
+    assert(my_thread_id < max_accessors_count_);
+
+    const unsigned int retired_list_size = max_accessors_count_ *
+      max_guards_per_thread_;
+
+    const unsigned int count_guards = max_accessors_count_ *
+      max_guards_per_thread_;
 
 
-    Scan(currentHazardPointerEntry);
+    GuardType* retired_list =
+      &thread_local_retired_lists_[my_thread_id * retired_list_size];
 
 
-    // Help deactivated threads to clean their retired nodes.
-    HelpScan();
+    GuardType* retired_list_temp =
+      &thread_local_retired_lists_temp_[my_thread_id * retired_list_size];
+
+    // wipe my temp. retired list...
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < retired_list_size; ++i) {
+      // the list is filled always from left to right, so occurring the first
+      // undefinedGuard, the remaining ones are also undefinedGuard...
+      if (retired_list_temp[i] == undefined_guard_)
+          break;
+
+      retired_list_temp[i] = undefined_guard_;
+    }
+
+    // we test each hazard if it is in the union of retiredList and
+    // guardedElement. If it is, it goes into the new retired list...
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != count_guards; ++i) {
+      // consider each current active guard
+      GuardType considered_hazard = guards_[i].Load();
+      UpdateRetiredList(retired_list, retired_list_temp, retired_list_size,
+        toRetire, considered_hazard, undefined_guard_);
     }
     }
-}
 
 
-template<typename GuardType>
-const double embb::containers::internal::HazardPointer<GuardType>::
-  RETIRE_THRESHOLD = 1.25f;
+    int retired_list_size_signed = static_cast<int>(retired_list_size);
+    assert(retired_list_size_signed >= 0);
+
+    // now we created a a new retired list... the elements that are "removed"
+    // from the old retired list can be safely deleted now...
+    for (int i = -1; i != retired_list_size_signed; ++i) {
+      // we iterate over the current retired list... -1 is used as dummy element
+      // in the iteration, to also iterate over the pointerToRetire, which is
+      // logically also part of the current retired list...
+
+      // end of the list, stop iterating
+      if (i >= 0 && retired_list[i] == undefined_guard_)
+          break;
+
+      GuardType to_check_if_in_new_list = undefined_guard_;
+
+      to_check_if_in_new_list = (i == -1 ? toRetire : retired_list[i]);
+
+      // still in the new retired list?
+      bool still_in_list = false;
+      for (unsigned int ii = 0; ii != retired_list_size; ++ii) {
+        // end of list
+        if (retired_list_temp[ii] == undefined_guard_)
+            break;
+
+        if (to_check_if_in_new_list == retired_list_temp[ii]) {
+          // still in list, cannot delete element!
+          still_in_list = true;
+          break;
+        }
+      }
+
+      if (!still_in_list) {
+        this->release_object_callback_(to_check_if_in_new_list);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // copy the updated retired list (temp) to the retired list...
+    CopyRetiredList(retired_list_temp, retired_list, retired_list_size,
+      undefined_guard_);
+  }
 } // namespace internal
 } // namespace internal
 } // namespace containers
 } // namespace containers
 } // namespace embb
 } // namespace embb

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/internal/hazard_pointer.h

@@ -40,487 +40,274 @@
 #define EMBB_CONTAINERS_CPP_DEPENDANT_TYPENAME typename
 #define EMBB_CONTAINERS_CPP_DEPENDANT_TYPENAME typename
 #endif
 #endif
 
 
+// forward declaration for white-box test, used in friend declaration of
+// HazardPointer class.
 namespace embb {
 namespace embb {
 namespace containers {
 namespace containers {
-namespace internal {
-/**
- * A list with fixed size, implemented as an array. Replaces std::vector that
- * was used in previous hazard pointer implementation.
- *
- * Provides iterators, so we can apply algorithms from the STL.
- *
- * \tparam ElementT Type of the elements contained in the list.
- */
-template< typename ElementT >
-class FixedSizeList {
- private:
-   /**
-    * Capacity of the list
-    */
-  size_t max_size;
-
-  /**
-   * Size of the list
-   */
-  size_t size;
-
-  /**
-   * Pointer to the array containing the list
-   */
-  ElementT* elementsArray;
-
-  /**
-   * Copy constructor not implemented. Would require dynamic memory allocation.
-   */
-  FixedSizeList(
-    const FixedSizeList &
-    /**< [IN] Other list */);
-
- public:
-  /**
-   * Definition of an iterator
-   */
-  typedef ElementT * iterator;
-
-  /**
-   * Definition of a const iterator
-   */
-  typedef const ElementT * const_iterator;
-
-  /**
-   * Constructor, initializes list with given capacity
-   */
-  FixedSizeList(
-    size_t max_size
-    /**< [IN] Capacity of the list */);
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the current size of the list
-   *
-   * \return Size of the list
-   */
-  inline size_t GetSize() const;
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the capacity of the list
-   *
-   * \return The capacity of the list
-   */
-  inline size_t GetMaxSize() const;
-
-  /**
-   * Removes all elements from the list without changing the capacity
-   */
-  inline void clear();
-
-  /**
-   * Iterator pointing to the first element
-   *
-   * \return Begin iterator
-   */
-  iterator begin() const;
-
-  /**
-   * Iterator pointing beyond the last element
-   *
-   * \return End iterator
-   */
-  iterator end() const;
-
-  /**
-   * Copies the elements of another list to this list. The capacity of
-   * this list has to be greater than or equal to the size of the other list.
-   */
-  FixedSizeList & operator=(
-    const FixedSizeList & other
-    /**< [IN] Other list */);
-
-  /**
-   * Appends an element to the end of the list
-   *
-   * \return \c false if the operation was not successful because the list is
-   *         full, otherwise \c true.
-   */
-  bool PushBack(
-    ElementT const el
-    /**< [IN] Element to append to the list */);
-
-  /**
-   * Destructs the list.
-   */
-  ~FixedSizeList();
-};
+namespace test {
+class HazardPointerTest2;
+}
+}
+}
 
 
+namespace embb {
+namespace containers {
+namespace internal {
 /**
 /**
- * Hazard pointer entry for a single thread. Holds the actual guards that
- * determine if the current thread is about to use the guarded pointer.
- * Guarded pointers are protected and not deleted.
+ * This class contains a hazard pointer implementation following publication:
  *
  *
- * Moreover, the retired list for this thread is contained. It determines
- * the pointers that have been allocated from this thread, but are not used
- * anymore by this thread. However, another thread could have a guard on it,
- * so the pointer cannot be deleted immediately.
- *
- * For the scan operation, the intersection of the guarded pointers from all
- * threads and the retired list has to be computed. For this computation, we
- * need thread local temporary lists which are also contained here.
+ * Maged M. Michael. "Hazard pointers: Safe memory reclamation for lock-free
+ * objects." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 15.6 (2004)
+ * : 491-504.
  *
  *
- * \tparam GuardType The type of guard, usually a pointer.
+ * Hazard pointers are a wait-free memory reclamation scheme for lock-free
+ * algorithms. Loosely speaking, they act as garbage collector. The release of
+ * objects contained within the memory, managed by the hazard pointer class, is
+ * intercepted and possibly delayed to avoid concurrency bugs.
+ *
+ * Before accessing an object, threads announce their intention to do so (i.e.
+ * the intention to dereference the respective pointer) to the hazard pointer
+ * class. This is called guarding. From now on, the hazard pointer class will
+ * prohibit the release or reuse of the guarded object. This is necessary, to
+ * assure that the object is not released or reused while it is accessed and to
+ * assure that it has not unnoticed changed (effectively avoiding the ABA
+ * problem).
+ *
+ * Note that after guarding an object, a consecutive check that the object (i.e.
+ * its pointer) is still valid is necessary; the object release could already
+ * have been started when guarding the object. Guarding is repeated, until this
+ * check eventually succeeds. Note that this "guard-and-check" loop makes the
+ * usage of the hazard pointer class lock-free, even though its implementation
+ * is wait-free.
+ *
+ * Internally, guarding is realized by providing each thread slots, where
+ * pointers can be placed that should not be freed (so called guards). When
+ * trying to release an object, it is checked if the object's pointer is
+ * guarded, and if so this object is not released, but instead put into a
+ * retired list for later release, when all guards for this object have been
+ * removed.
+ *
+ * In contrast to the original implementation, our implementation consumes only
+ * fixed-size memory. Note that the number of threads accessing the hazard
+ * pointer object accounts quadratic for the memory consumption: managed objects
+ * are provided from outside and the number of accessors accounts quadric for
+ * the minimum count of those objects.
+ *
+ * Also in contrast to the original implementation, we do not provide a HelpScan
+ * functionality, which gives threads the possibility, to not participate in the
+ * garbage collection anymore: other threads will help to clean-up the objects
+ * protected by the exiting thread. The reason is, that the only use-case would
+ * be a crashing thread, not participating anymore. However, as the thread has
+ * to signal its exit himself, this is not possible to realize anyways. In the
+ * end, it is still guaranteed that all memory is properly returned (in the
+ * destructor).
+ *
+ * Additionally, the original implementation holds a threshold, which determines
+ * when objects shall be freed. In this implementation, we free whenever it is
+ * possibly to do so, as we want to keep the memory footprint as low as
+ * possible. We also don't see a performance drop in the current algorithms that
+ * are using hazard pointers, when not using a threshold.
+ *
+ * \tparam GuardType the type of the guards. Usually the pointer type of some
+ *         object to protect.
  */
  */
 template< typename GuardType >
 template< typename GuardType >
-class HazardPointerThreadEntry {
-#ifdef EMBB_DEBUG
-
- public:
-    embb::base::Atomic<int>& GetScanningThread() {
-      return who_is_scanning;
-    }
-
- private:
-    embb::base::Atomic<int> who_is_scanning;
-#endif
-
- private:
-   /**
-    * Value of the undefined guard (means that no guard is set).
-    */
-  GuardType undefined_guard;
-
-  /**
-   * The number of guards per thread. Determines the size of the guard array.
-   */
-  int guards_per_thread;
-
-  /**
-   * The capacity of the retired list. It is determined by number of guards,
-   * retired threshold, and maximum number of threads.
-   */
-  size_t max_size_retired_list;
-
-  /**
-   * Set to true if the current thread is active. Is used for a thread to
-   * signal that it is leaving. If a thread has left, the other threads are
-   * responsible for cleaning up its retired list.
-   */
-  embb::base::Atomic< bool > is_active;
-
-  /**
-   * The guarded pointer of this thread, has size \c guard_per_thread.
-   */
-  embb::base::Atomic< GuardType >* guarded_pointers;
-
-  /**
-   * The retired list of this thread, contains pointer that shall be released
-   * when no thread holds a guard on it anymore.
-   */
-  FixedSizeList< GuardType > retired_list;
-
-  /**
-   * Temporary retired list, has same capacity as \c retired_list, It is used to
-   * compute the intersection of all guards and the \c retired list.
-   */
-  FixedSizeList< GuardType > retired_list_temp;
-
-  /**
-   * Temporary guards list. Used to compute the intersection of all guards and
-   * the \c retired_list.
-   */
-  FixedSizeList< GuardType > hazard_pointer_list_temp;
-
-  /**
-   * HazardPointerThreadEntry shall not be copied
-   */
-  HazardPointerThreadEntry(const HazardPointerThreadEntry&);
-
-  /**
-   * HazardPointerThreadEntry shall not be assigned
-   */
-  HazardPointerThreadEntry & operator= (const HazardPointerThreadEntry&);
-
+class HazardPointer  {
  public:
  public:
   /**
   /**
-   * Checks if current thread is active (with respect to participating in hazard
-   * pointer management)
-   *
-   * \return \c true if the current thread is active, otherwise \c false.
-   */
-  bool IsActive();
-
-  /**
-   * Tries to set the active flag to true (atomically). Used if the current
-   * thread is not active anymore as lock for another thread to help cleaning
-   * up hazard pointer.
+   * The user of the hazard pointer class has to provide the memory that is
+   * managed here. The user has to take into account, that releasing of memory
+   * might be delayed. He has therefore to provide more memory than he wants to
+   * guarantee at each point in time. More specific, on top of the guaranteed
+   * count of objects, he has to provide the additional count of objects that
+   * can be (worst-case) contained in the retired lists and therefore are not
+   * released yet. The size sum of all retired lists is guardsPerThread *
+   * accessorCount * accessorCount, which is computed using this function. So
+   * the result of function denotes to the user, how many objects he has to
+   * allocate additionally to the guaranteed count.
    *
    *
-   * \return \c true if this thread was successful setting the active flag,
-   *         otherwise \c false.
-   */
-  bool TryReserve();
-
-  /**
-   * Deactivates current thread by atomically setting active flag to false.
+   * \waitfree
    */
    */
-  void Deactivate();
+  static size_t ComputeMaximumRetiredObjectCount(
+    size_t guardsPerThread,
+      /**<[IN] the count of guards per thread*/
+      int accessors = -1
+      /**<[IN] Number of accessors. Determines, how many threads will access
+               the hazard pointer object. Default value -1 will allow the
+               maximum amount of threads as defined with
+               \c embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount()*/
+      );
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Gets the count of current retired pointer for the current thread.
+   * Initializes the hazard pointer object
    *
    *
-   * \return Count of current retired pointer
-   */
-  size_t GetRetiredCounter();
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the retired list.
+   * \notthreadsafe
    *
    *
-   * \return Reference to \c retired_list
-   */
-  FixedSizeList< GuardType >& GetRetired();
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the temporary retired list.
+   * \memory We dynamically allocate the following:
    *
    *
-   * \return Reference to \c retired_list_temp
-   */
-  FixedSizeList< GuardType >& GetRetiredTemp();
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the temporary hazard pointer list.
+   * (sizeof(Atomic<int>) * accessors) + (sizeof(Atomic<GuardType>) *
+   * guards_per_thread * accessors) + (2*sizeof(GuardType) *
+   * guards_per_thread * accessors^2)
    *
    *
-   * \return Reference to \c hazard_pointer_list_temp
-   */
-  FixedSizeList< GuardType >& GetHazardTemp();
-
-  /**
-   * Sets the retired list.
+   * The last addend is the dominant one, as accessorCount accounts
+   * quadratically for it.
    */
    */
-  void SetRetired(
-    embb::containers::internal::FixedSizeList< GuardType > const & retired_list
-    /**< [IN] Retired list */);
-
-  /**
-   * Constructor
-   */
-  HazardPointerThreadEntry(
+  HazardPointer(
+    embb::base::Function<void, GuardType> free_guard_callback,
+    /**<[IN] Callback to the function that shall be called when a retired
+             guard can be deleted */
     GuardType undefined_guard,
     GuardType undefined_guard,
-    /**< [IN] Value of the undefined guard (e.g. NULL) */
+    /**<[IN] The guard value denoting "not guarded"*/
     int guards_per_thread,
     int guards_per_thread,
-    /**< [IN] Number of guards per thread */
-    size_t max_size_retired_list
-    /**< [IN] The capacity of the retired list(s) */);
+    /**<[IN] Number of guards per thread*/
+    int accessors = -1
+    /**<[IN] Number of accessors. Determines, how many threads will access
+              this hazard pointer object. Default value -1 will allow the
+              maximum amount of threads as defined with
+              \c embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount()*/
+    );
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Destructor
+   * Deallocates internal data structures. Additionally releases all objects
+   * currently held in the retired lists, using the release functor passed in
+   * the constructor.
    *
    *
-   * Deallocate lists
-   */
-  ~HazardPointerThreadEntry();
-
-  /**
-   * Gets the guard at the specified position.
-   * Positions are numbered, beginning with 0.
-   */
-  GuardType GetGuard(
-    int pos
-    /**< [IN] Position of the guard */) const;
-
-  /**
-   * Adds pointer to the retired list
-   */
-  void AddRetired(
-    GuardType pointerToGuard
-    /**< [IN] Guard to retire */);
-
-  /**
-   * Guards pointer
+   * \notthreadsafe
    */
    */
-  void GuardPointer(
-    int guardNumber,
-    /**< [IN] Position of guard */
-    GuardType pointerToGuard
-    /**<[IN] Pointer to guard */);
+  ~HazardPointer();
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Sets the current thread active, i.e., announce that the thread
-   * participates in managing hazard pointer.
-   */
-  void SetActive(
-    bool active
-    /**<[IN] \c true for active, \c false for inactive */);
-};
-
-/**
- * HazardPointer implementation as presented in:
- *
- * Maged M. Michael. "Hazard pointers: Safe memory reclamation for lock-free
- * objects." IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 15.6 (2004)
- * : 491-504.
+   * Guards \c to_guard. If the guarded_element is passed to \c EnqueueForDeletion
+   * it is prevented from release from now on. The user must have a check, that
+   * EnqueueForDeletion has not been called on to_guard, before the guarding took
+   * effect.
    *
    *
- * In contrast to the original implementation, our implementation only uses
- * fixed-size memory. There is a safe upper limit, hazard pointer are guaranteed
- * to not consume more memory. Memory is allocated solely at initialization.
- *
- * Hazard pointers solve the ABA problem for lock-free algorithms. Before
- * accessing a pointer, threads announce that they want to access this pointer
- * and then check if the pointer is still valid. This announcement is done by
- * placing a guard. It is guaranteed that the pointer is not reused until all
- * threads remove their guards to this pointer. Objects, these pointers are
- * pointing to, can therefore not be deleted directly. Instead, these pointers
- * are put into a list for later deletion (retired list). Regularly, this list
- * is processed to check which pointers can be deleted. If a pointer can be
- * deleted, a callback function provided by the user is called. The user can
- * then, e.g., free the respective object, so that the pointer can be safely
- * reused.
- */
-template< typename GuardType >
-class HazardPointer  {
- private:
-   /**
-    * Concrete hazard pointer entry type
+   * \waitfree
    */
    */
-  typedef HazardPointerThreadEntry < GuardType >
-    HazardPointerThreadEntry_t;
+  void Guard(
+    int guard_position,
+    /**<[IN] position to place guard*/
+    GuardType to_guard
+    /**<[IN] element to guard*/
+    );
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * The guard value denoting "not guarding"
+   * Enqueue guarded element for deletion. If not guarded, it is deleted
+   * immediately. If it is guarded, it is added to a thread local retired list,
+   * and deleted in a subsequent call to \c EnqueueForDeletion, when no guard is
+   * placed on it anymore.
    */
    */
-  GuardType undefined_guard;
+  void EnqueueForDeletion(
+    GuardType guarded_element
+    /**<[IN] element to logically delete*/
+    );
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * The capacity of the retired list (safe upper bound for retired list size)
+   * Explicitly remove guard from thread local slot.
+   *
+   * \waitfree
    */
    */
-  int retired_list_max_size;
+  void RemoveGuard(int guard_position);
 
 
+ private:
   /**
   /**
-   * Guards that can be set per thread
+   * HazardPointerTest2 is a white-box test, needing access to private members
+   * of this class. So declaring it as friend.
    */
    */
-  int guards_per_thread;
+  friend class embb::containers::test::HazardPointerTest2;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Array of HazardPointerElements. Each thread is assigned to one.
+   * This number determines the amount of maximal accessors (threads) that
+   * will access this hazard pointer instance. Note that a thread once
+   * accessing this object will be permanently count as accessor, even if not
+   * participating anymore. If too many threads access this object, an
+   * exception is thrown.
    */
    */
-  HazardPointerThreadEntry_t* hazard_pointer_thread_entry_array;
+  unsigned int max_accessors_count_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * The threshold, determines at which size of the retired list pointers
-   * are tried to be deleted.
+   * The guard value denoting "not guarded"
    */
    */
-  static const double RETIRE_THRESHOLD;
+  GuardType undefined_guard_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Each thread is assigned a thread index (starting with 0).
-   * Get the index of the current thread.
+   * The maximal count of guards that can be set per thread.
    */
    */
-  static unsigned int GetCurrentThreadIndex();
+  int max_guards_per_thread_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * The number of hazard pointers currently active.
+   * The functor that is called to release an object. This is called by this
+   * class, when it is safe to do so, i.e., no thread accesses this object
+   * anymore.
    */
    */
-  size_t active_hazard_pointer;
+  embb::base::Function<void, GuardType> release_object_callback_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Count of all hazard pointers.
+   * Mapping from EMBB thread id to hazard pointer thread ids. Hazard pointer
+   * thread ids are in range [0;accesor_count-1]. The position of a EMBB thread
+   * id in that array determines the respective hazard pointer thread id.
    */
    */
-  size_t hazard_pointers;
+  embb::base::Atomic<int>* thread_id_mapping_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * The callback that is triggered when a retired guard can be
-   * freed. Usually, the user will call a free here.
+   * The hazard pointer guards, represented as array. Each thread has a fixed
+   * set of slots (guardsPerThread) within this array.
    */
    */
-  embb::base::Function<void, GuardType> free_guard_callback;
+  embb::base::Atomic<GuardType>* guards_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Checks if the current size of the retired list exceeds the threshold, so
-   * that each retired guard is checked for being not hazardous anymore.
-   *
-   * \return \c true is threshold is exceeded, otherwise \c false.
+   * \see threadLocalRetiredLists documentation
    */
    */
-  bool IsThresholdExceeded();
+  GuardType* thread_local_retired_lists_temp_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Gets the number of hazard pointe, currently active
-   *
-   * \return Number of active hazard pointers
+   * A list of lists, represented as single array. Each thread maintains a list
+   * of retired pointers, that are objects that are logically released but not
+   * released because some thread placed a guard on it.
    */
    */
-  size_t GetActiveHazardPointers();
+  GuardType* thread_local_retired_lists_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Gets the hazard pointer entry for the current thread
+   * Each thread is assigned a thread index (starting with 0). Get the index of
+   * the current thread. Note that this is not the global index, but an hazard
+   * pointer class internal one. The user is free to define less accessors than
+   * the amount of default threads. This is useful, as the number of accessors
+   * accounts quadratic for the memory consumption, so the user should have the
+   * possibility to avoid memory wastage when only having a small, fixed size,
+   * number of accessors.
    *
    *
-   * \return Hazard pointer entry for current thread
-   */
-  HazardPointerThreadEntry_t&
-    GetHazardPointerElementForCurrentThread();
-
-  /**
-   * Threads might leave from participating in hazard pointer management.
-   * This method helps all those threads processing their retired list.
-   */
-  void HelpScan();
-
-  /**
-   * Checks the retired list of a hazard pointer entry for elements of the
-   * retired list that can be freed, and executes the delete callback for those
-   * elements.
+   * @return current (hazard pointer object local) thread index
    */
    */
-  void Scan(
-    HazardPointerThreadEntry_t* currentHazardPointerEntry
-    /**<[IN] Hazard pointer entry that should be checked for elements that
-             can be deleted*/);
+  unsigned int GetObjectLocalThreadIndex();
 
 
- public:
   /**
   /**
-   * Gets the capacity of one retired list
-   *
-   * \waitfree
+   * Copy retired list \c sourceList to retired list \c targetList
    */
    */
-  size_t GetRetiredListMaxSize() const;
+  static void CopyRetiredList(
+    GuardType* source_list,
+    /**<[IN] the source retired list*/
+    GuardType* target_list,
+    /**<[IN] the target retired list*/
+    unsigned int single_retired_list_size,
+    /**<[IN] the size of a thread local retired list*/
+    GuardType undefined_guard
+    /**<[IN] the undefined guard (usually the NULL pointer)*/
+    );
 
 
-  /**
-   * Initializes hazard pointer
-   *
-   * \notthreadsafe
-   *
-   * \memory
-   *  - Let \c t be the number of maximal threads determined by EMBB
-   *  - Let \c g be the number of guards per thread
-   *  - Let \c x be 1.25*t*g + 1
-   *
-   * We dynamically allocate \c x*(3*t+1) elements of size \c sizeof(void*).
-   */
-  HazardPointer(
-    embb::base::Function<void, GuardType> free_guard_callback,
-    /**<[IN] Callback to the function that shall be called when a retired
-             guard can be deleted */
-    GuardType undefined_guard,
-    /**<[IN] The guard value denoting "not guarded"*/
-    int guards_per_thread
-    /**<[IN] Number of guards per thread*/);
-
-  /**
-   * Deallocates lists for hazard pointer management. Note that no objects
-   * currently in the retired lists are deleted. This is the responsibility
-   * of the user. Usually, HazardPointer manages pointers of an object pool.
-   * After destructing HazardPointer, the object pool is deleted, so that
-   * everything is properly cleaned up.
-   */
-  ~HazardPointer();
-
-  /**
-   * Announces that the current thread stops participating in hazard pointer
-   * management. The other threads now take care of his retired list.
-   *
-   * \waitfree
-   */
-  void DeactivateCurrentThread();
-
-  /**
-   * Guards \c guardedElement with the guard at position \c guardPosition
-   */
-  void GuardPointer(int guardPosition, GuardType guardedElement);
-  /**
-   * Enqueue a pointer for deletion. It is added to the retired list and
-   * deleted when no thread accesses it anymore.
-   */
-  void EnqueuePointerForDeletion(GuardType guardedElement);
+  static void UpdateRetiredList(
+    GuardType* retired_list,
+    /**<[IN] the old retired list*/
+    GuardType* updated_retired_list,
+    /**<[IN] the updated retired list*/
+    unsigned int retired_list_size,
+    /**<[IN] the size of a thread local retired list*/
+    GuardType to_retire,
+    /**<[IN] the element to retire*/
+    GuardType considered_hazard,
+    /**<[IN] the currently considered hazard*/
+    GuardType undefined_guard
+    /**<[IN] the undefined guard (usually the NULL pointer)*/
+    );
 };
 };
 } // namespace internal
 } // namespace internal
 } // namespace containers
 } // namespace containers

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/internal/lock_free_mpmc_queue-inl.h

@@ -77,7 +77,12 @@ LockFreeMPMCQueue<Type, ValuePool>::~LockFreeMPMCQueue() {
 
 
 template< typename Type, typename ValuePool >
 template< typename Type, typename ValuePool >
 LockFreeMPMCQueue<Type, ValuePool>::LockFreeMPMCQueue(size_t capacity) :
 LockFreeMPMCQueue<Type, ValuePool>::LockFreeMPMCQueue(size_t capacity) :
-capacity(capacity),
+  capacity(capacity),
+  // Object pool, size with respect to the maximum number of retired nodes not
+  // eligible for reuse. +1 for dummy node.
+  objectPool(
+  MPMCQueueNodeHazardPointer_t::ComputeMaximumRetiredObjectCount(2) +
+  capacity + 1),
 // Disable "this is used in base member initializer" warning.
 // Disable "this is used in base member initializer" warning.
 // We explicitly want this.
 // We explicitly want this.
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
@@ -89,13 +94,7 @@ delete_pointer_callback(*this,
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
 #pragma warning(pop)
 #pragma warning(pop)
 #endif
 #endif
-  hazardPointer(delete_pointer_callback, NULL, 2),
-  // Object pool, size with respect to the maximum number of retired nodes not
-  // eligible for reuse. +1 for dummy node.
-  objectPool(
-  hazardPointer.GetRetiredListMaxSize()*
-  embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount() +
-  capacity + 1) {
+  hazardPointer(delete_pointer_callback, NULL, 2) {
   // Allocate dummy node to reduce the number of special cases to consider.
   // Allocate dummy node to reduce the number of special cases to consider.
   internal::LockFreeMPMCQueueNode<Type>* dummyNode = objectPool.Allocate();
   internal::LockFreeMPMCQueueNode<Type>* dummyNode = objectPool.Allocate();
   // Initially, head and tail point to the dummy node.
   // Initially, head and tail point to the dummy node.
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ bool LockFreeMPMCQueue<Type, ValuePool>::TryEnqueue(Type const& element) {
   for (;;) {
   for (;;) {
     my_tail = tail;
     my_tail = tail;
 
 
-    hazardPointer.GuardPointer(0, my_tail);
+    hazardPointer.Guard(0, my_tail);
 
 
     // Check if pointer is still valid after guarding.
     // Check if pointer is still valid after guarding.
     if (my_tail != tail) {
     if (my_tail != tail) {
@@ -163,12 +162,12 @@ bool LockFreeMPMCQueue<Type, ValuePool>::TryDequeue(Type & element) {
   Type data;
   Type data;
   for (;;) {
   for (;;) {
     my_head = head;
     my_head = head;
-    hazardPointer.GuardPointer(0, my_head);
+    hazardPointer.Guard(0, my_head);
     if (my_head != head) continue;
     if (my_head != head) continue;
 
 
     my_tail = tail;
     my_tail = tail;
     my_next = my_head->GetNext();
     my_next = my_head->GetNext();
-    hazardPointer.GuardPointer(1, my_next);
+    hazardPointer.Guard(1, my_next);
     if (head != my_head) continue;
     if (head != my_head) continue;
 
 
     if (my_next == NULL)
     if (my_next == NULL)
@@ -187,7 +186,7 @@ bool LockFreeMPMCQueue<Type, ValuePool>::TryDequeue(Type & element) {
       break;
       break;
   }
   }
 
 
-  hazardPointer.EnqueuePointerForDeletion(my_head);
+  hazardPointer.EnqueueForDeletion(my_head);
   element = data;
   element = data;
   return true;
   return true;
 }
 }

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/internal/lock_free_stack-inl.h

@@ -81,13 +81,12 @@ capacity(capacity),
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
 #pragma warning(pop)
 #pragma warning(pop)
 #endif
 #endif
-  hazardPointer(delete_pointer_callback, NULL, 1),
   // Object pool, size with respect to the maximum number of retired nodes not
   // Object pool, size with respect to the maximum number of retired nodes not
   // eligible for reuse:
   // eligible for reuse:
   objectPool(
   objectPool(
-  hazardPointer.GetRetiredListMaxSize()*
-  embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount() +
-  capacity) {
+  StackNodeHazardPointer_t::ComputeMaximumRetiredObjectCount(1) +
+  capacity),
+  hazardPointer(delete_pointer_callback, NULL, 1) {
 }
 }
 
 
 template< typename Type, typename ValuePool >
 template< typename Type, typename ValuePool >
@@ -128,7 +127,7 @@ bool LockFreeStack< Type, ValuePool >::TryPop(Type & element) {
       return false;
       return false;
 
 
     // Guard top_cached
     // Guard top_cached
-    hazardPointer.GuardPointer(0, top_cached);
+    hazardPointer.Guard(0, top_cached);
 
 
     // Check if top is still top. If this is the case, it has not been
     // Check if top is still top. If this is the case, it has not been
     // retired yet (because before retiring that thing, the retiring thread
     // retired yet (because before retiring that thing, the retiring thread
@@ -144,16 +143,16 @@ bool LockFreeStack< Type, ValuePool >::TryPop(Type & element) {
       break;
       break;
     } else {
     } else {
       // We continue with the next and can unguard top_cached
       // We continue with the next and can unguard top_cached
-      hazardPointer.GuardPointer(0, NULL);
+      hazardPointer.Guard(0, NULL);
     }
     }
   }
   }
 
 
   Type data = top_cached->GetElement();
   Type data = top_cached->GetElement();
 
 
   // We don't need to read from this reference anymore, unguard it
   // We don't need to read from this reference anymore, unguard it
-  hazardPointer.GuardPointer(0, NULL);
+  hazardPointer.Guard(0, NULL);
 
 
-  hazardPointer.EnqueuePointerForDeletion(top_cached);
+  hazardPointer.EnqueueForDeletion(top_cached);
 
 
   element = data;
   element = data;
   return true;
   return true;

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/internal/lock_free_tree_value_pool-inl.h

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class PoolAllocator,
   class TreeAllocator >
   class TreeAllocator >
 bool LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 bool LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 IsLeaf(int node) {
 IsLeaf(int node) {
-  if (node >= size - 1 && node <= 2 * size - 1) {
+  if (node >= size_ - 1 && node <= 2 * size_ - 1) {
     return true;
     return true;
   }
   }
   return false;
   return false;
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class PoolAllocator,
   class TreeAllocator >
   class TreeAllocator >
 bool LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 bool LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 IsValid(int node) {
 IsValid(int node) {
-  return (node >= 0 && node <= 2 * size - 1);
+  return (node >= 0 && node <= 2 * size_ - 1);
 }
 }
 
 
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class PoolAllocator,
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class PoolAllocator,
@@ -77,14 +77,14 @@ template<typename T, T Undefined, class PoolAllocator, class TreeAllocator >
 int LockFreeTreeValuePool<T, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 int LockFreeTreeValuePool<T, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 NodeIndexToPoolIndex(int node) {
 NodeIndexToPoolIndex(int node) {
   assert(IsLeaf(node));
   assert(IsLeaf(node));
-  return(node - (size - 1));
+  return(node - (size_ - 1));
 }
 }
 
 
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class PoolAllocator,
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class PoolAllocator,
   class TreeAllocator >
   class TreeAllocator >
 int LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 int LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 PoolIndexToNodeIndex(int index) {
 PoolIndexToNodeIndex(int index) {
-  int node = index + (size - 1);
+  int node = index + (size_ - 1);
   assert(IsLeaf(node));
   assert(IsLeaf(node));
   return node;
   return node;
 }
 }
@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ template<typename T, T Undefined, class PoolAllocator, class TreeAllocator >
 int LockFreeTreeValuePool<T, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 int LockFreeTreeValuePool<T, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 GetParentNode(int node) {
 GetParentNode(int node) {
   int parent = (node - 1) / 2;
   int parent = (node - 1) / 2;
-  assert(parent >= 0 && parent < size - 1);
+  assert(parent >= 0 && parent < size_ - 1);
   return parent;
   return parent;
 }
 }
 
 
@@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ allocate_rec(int node, Type& element) {
   if (IsLeaf(node)) {
   if (IsLeaf(node)) {
     int pool_index = NodeIndexToPoolIndex(node);
     int pool_index = NodeIndexToPoolIndex(node);
 
 
-    Type expected = pool[pool_index];
+    Type expected = pool_[pool_index];
     if (expected == Undefined)
     if (expected == Undefined)
       return -1;
       return -1;
 
 
-    if (pool[pool_index].CompareAndSwap(expected, Undefined)) {
+    if (pool_[pool_index].CompareAndSwap(expected, Undefined)) {
       element = expected;
       element = expected;
       return pool_index;
       return pool_index;
     }
     }
@@ -131,11 +131,11 @@ allocate_rec(int node, Type& element) {
   // atomically decrement the value in the node if the result is greater than
   // atomically decrement the value in the node if the result is greater than
   // or equal to zero. This cannot be done atomically.
   // or equal to zero. This cannot be done atomically.
   do {
   do {
-    current = tree[node];
+    current = tree_[node];
     desired = current - 1;
     desired = current - 1;
     if (desired < 0)
     if (desired < 0)
       return -1;
       return -1;
-  } while (!tree[node].CompareAndSwap(current, desired));
+  } while (!tree_[node].CompareAndSwap(current, desired));
 
 
   int leftResult = allocate_rec(GetLeftChildIndex(node), element);
   int leftResult = allocate_rec(GetLeftChildIndex(node), element);
   if (leftResult != -1) {
   if (leftResult != -1) {
@@ -156,7 +156,7 @@ Fill(int node, int elementsToStore, int power2Value) {
   if (IsLeaf(node))
   if (IsLeaf(node))
     return;
     return;
 
 
-  tree[node] = elementsToStore;
+  tree_[node] = elementsToStore;
 
 
   int postPower2Value = power2Value >> 1;
   int postPower2Value = power2Value >> 1;
 
 
@@ -188,14 +188,14 @@ Free(Type element, int index) {
   assert(element != Undefined);
   assert(element != Undefined);
 
 
   // Put the element back
   // Put the element back
-  pool[index].Store(element);
+  pool_[index].Store(element);
 
 
-  assert(index >= 0 && index < size);
+  assert(index >= 0 && index < size_);
   int node = PoolIndexToNodeIndex(index);
   int node = PoolIndexToNodeIndex(index);
 
 
   while (!IsRoot(node)) {
   while (!IsRoot(node)) {
     node = GetParentNode(node);
     node = GetParentNode(node);
-    tree[node].FetchAndAdd(1);
+    tree_[node].FetchAndAdd(1);
   }
   }
 }
 }
 
 
@@ -205,37 +205,76 @@ template< typename ForwardIterator >
 LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 LockFreeTreeValuePool(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last) {
 LockFreeTreeValuePool(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last) {
   // Number of elements to store
   // Number of elements to store
-  real_size = static_cast<int>(::std::distance(first, last));
+  real_size_ = static_cast<int>(::std::distance(first, last));
 
 
   // Let k be smallest number so that real_size <= 2^k, size = 2^k
   // Let k be smallest number so that real_size <= 2^k, size = 2^k
-  size = GetSmallestPowerByTwoValue(real_size);
+  size_ = GetSmallestPowerByTwoValue(real_size_);
 
 
   // Size of binary tree without the leaves
   // Size of binary tree without the leaves
-  tree_size = size - 1;
+  tree_size_ = size_ - 1;
+
+  // make sure, signed values are not negative
+  assert(tree_size_ >= 0);
+  assert(real_size_ >= 0);
+
+  size_t tree_size_unsigned = static_cast<size_t>(tree_size_);
+  size_t real_size_unsigned = static_cast<size_t>(real_size_);
 
 
   // Pool stores elements of type T
   // Pool stores elements of type T
-  pool = poolAllocator.allocate(static_cast<size_t>(real_size));
+  pool_ = pool_allocator_.allocate(real_size_unsigned);
+
+  // invoke inplace new for each pool element
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != real_size_unsigned; ++i) {
+    new (&pool_[i]) embb::base::Atomic<Type>();
+  }
 
 
   // Tree holds the counter of not allocated elements
   // Tree holds the counter of not allocated elements
-  tree = treeAllocator.allocate(static_cast<size_t>(tree_size));
+  tree_ = tree_allocator_.allocate(tree_size_unsigned);
+
+  // invoke inplace new for each tree element
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != tree_size_unsigned; ++i) {
+    new (&tree_[i]) embb::base::Atomic<int>();
+  }
 
 
   int i = 0;
   int i = 0;
 
 
   // Store the elements from the range
   // Store the elements from the range
   for (ForwardIterator curIter(first); curIter != last; ++curIter) {
   for (ForwardIterator curIter(first); curIter != last; ++curIter) {
-    pool[i++] = *curIter;
+    pool_[i++] = *curIter;
   }
   }
 
 
   // Initialize the binary tree without leaves (counters)
   // Initialize the binary tree without leaves (counters)
-  Fill(0, static_cast<int>(::std::distance(first, last)), size);
+  Fill(0, static_cast<int>(::std::distance(first, last)), size_);
 }
 }
 
 
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class PoolAllocator,
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class PoolAllocator,
   class TreeAllocator >
   class TreeAllocator >
 LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
 ~LockFreeTreeValuePool() {
 ~LockFreeTreeValuePool() {
-  poolAllocator.deallocate(pool, static_cast<size_t>(real_size));
-  treeAllocator.deallocate(tree, static_cast<size_t>(tree_size));
+  size_t tree_size_unsigned = static_cast<size_t>(tree_size_);
+  size_t real_size_unsigned = static_cast<size_t>(real_size_);
+
+  // invoke destructor for each pool element
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != real_size_unsigned; ++i) {
+    pool_[i].~Atomic();
+  }
+
+  pool_allocator_.deallocate(pool_, real_size_unsigned);
+
+  // invoke destructor for each tree element
+  for (size_t i = 0; i != tree_size_unsigned; ++i) {
+    tree_[i].~Atomic();
+  }
+
+  tree_allocator_.deallocate(tree_, tree_size_unsigned);
+}
+
+template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class PoolAllocator,
+class TreeAllocator >
+size_t LockFreeTreeValuePool<Type, Undefined, PoolAllocator, TreeAllocator>::
+GetMinimumElementCountForGuaranteedCapacity(size_t capacity) {
+  // for this value pool, this is just capacity...
+  return capacity;
 }
 }
 
 
 } // namespace containers
 } // namespace containers

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/internal/object_pool-inl.h

@@ -83,7 +83,8 @@ ReturningTrueIterator::operator!=(const self_type& rhs) {
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 bool ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::
 bool ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::
 IsContained(const Type &obj) const {
 IsContained(const Type &obj) const {
-  if ((&obj < &objects[0]) || (&obj > &objects[capacity - 1])) {
+  if ((&obj < &objects_array_[0]) ||
+    (&obj > &objects_array_[value_pool_size_ - 1])) {
     return false;
     return false;
   } else {
   } else {
     return true;
     return true;
@@ -94,17 +95,17 @@ template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 int ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::
 int ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::
 GetIndexOfObject(const Type &obj) const {
 GetIndexOfObject(const Type &obj) const {
   assert(IsContained(obj));
   assert(IsContained(obj));
-  return(static_cast<int>(&obj - &objects[0]));
+  return(static_cast<int>(&obj - &objects_array_[0]));
 }
 }
 
 
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 Type* ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::AllocateRaw() {
 Type* ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::AllocateRaw() {
   bool val;
   bool val;
-  int allocated_index = p.Allocate(val);
+  int allocated_index = value_pool_.Allocate(val);
   if (allocated_index == -1) {
   if (allocated_index == -1) {
     return NULL;
     return NULL;
   } else {
   } else {
-    Type* ret_pointer = &(objects[allocated_index]);
+    Type* ret_pointer = &(objects_array_[allocated_index]);
 
 
     return ret_pointer;
     return ret_pointer;
   }
   }
@@ -112,15 +113,17 @@ Type* ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::AllocateRaw() {
 
 
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 size_t ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::GetCapacity() {
 size_t ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::GetCapacity() {
-  return capacity;
+  return capacity_;
 }
 }
 
 
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::ObjectPool(size_t capacity) :
 ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::ObjectPool(size_t capacity) :
-capacity(capacity),
-  p(ReturningTrueIterator(0), ReturningTrueIterator(capacity)) {
-  // Allocate the objects (without construction, just get the memory)
-  objects = objectAllocator.allocate(capacity);
+  capacity_(capacity),
+  value_pool_size_(
+  ValuePool::GetMinimumElementCountForGuaranteedCapacity(capacity)),
+  value_pool_(ReturningTrueIterator(0), ReturningTrueIterator(
+  value_pool_size_)),
+  objects_array_(object_allocator_.allocate(value_pool_size_)) {
 }
 }
 
 
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
@@ -128,7 +131,7 @@ void ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::Free(Type* obj) {
   int index = GetIndexOfObject(*obj);
   int index = GetIndexOfObject(*obj);
   obj->~Type();
   obj->~Type();
 
 
-  p.Free(true, index);
+  value_pool_.Free(true, index);
 }
 }
 
 
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ Type* ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::Allocate(
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 template<class Type, typename ValuePool, class ObjectAllocator>
 ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::~ObjectPool() {
 ObjectPool<Type, ValuePool, ObjectAllocator>::~ObjectPool() {
   // Deallocate the objects
   // Deallocate the objects
-  objectAllocator.deallocate(objects, capacity);
+  object_allocator_.deallocate(objects_array_, value_pool_size_);
 }
 }
 } // namespace containers
 } // namespace containers
 } // namespace embb
 } // namespace embb

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/internal/wait_free_array_value_pool-inl.h

@@ -35,21 +35,21 @@ Free(Type element, int index) {
   assert(element != Undefined);
   assert(element != Undefined);
 
 
   // Just put back the element
   // Just put back the element
-  pool[index].Store(element);
+  pool_array_[index].Store(element);
 }
 }
 
 
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class Allocator >
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class Allocator >
 int WaitFreeArrayValuePool<Type, Undefined, Allocator>::
 int WaitFreeArrayValuePool<Type, Undefined, Allocator>::
 Allocate(Type & element) {
 Allocate(Type & element) {
-  for (int i = 0; i != size; ++i) {
+  for (int i = 0; i != size_; ++i) {
     Type expected;
     Type expected;
 
 
     // If the memory cell is not available, go ahead
     // If the memory cell is not available, go ahead
-    if (Undefined == (expected = pool[i].Load()))
+    if (Undefined == (expected = pool_array_[i].Load()))
       continue;
       continue;
 
 
     // Try to get the memory cell
     // Try to get the memory cell
-    if (pool[i].CompareAndSwap(expected, Undefined)) {
+    if (pool_array_[i].CompareAndSwap(expected, Undefined)) {
       // When the CAS was successful, this element is ours
       // When the CAS was successful, this element is ours
       element = expected;
       element = expected;
       return i;
       return i;
@@ -64,23 +64,45 @@ WaitFreeArrayValuePool<Type, Undefined, Allocator>::
 WaitFreeArrayValuePool(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last) {
 WaitFreeArrayValuePool(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last) {
   size_t dist = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last));
   size_t dist = static_cast<size_t>(std::distance(first, last));
 
 
-  size = static_cast<int>(dist);
+  size_ = static_cast<int>(dist);
+
+  // conversion may result in negative number. check!
+  assert(size_ >= 0);
 
 
   // Use the allocator to allocate an array of size dist
   // Use the allocator to allocate an array of size dist
-  pool = allocator.allocate(dist);
+  pool_array_ = allocator_.allocate(dist);
+
+  // invoke inplace new for each pool element
+  for ( size_t i = 0; i != dist; ++i ) {
+    new (&pool_array_[i]) embb::base::Atomic<Type>();
+  }
 
 
   int i = 0;
   int i = 0;
 
 
   // Store the elements of the range
   // Store the elements of the range
   for (ForwardIterator curIter(first); curIter != last; ++curIter) {
   for (ForwardIterator curIter(first); curIter != last; ++curIter) {
-    pool[i++] = *curIter;
+    pool_array_[i++] = *curIter;
   }
   }
 }
 }
 
 
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class Allocator >
 template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class Allocator >
 WaitFreeArrayValuePool<Type, Undefined, Allocator>::~WaitFreeArrayValuePool() {
 WaitFreeArrayValuePool<Type, Undefined, Allocator>::~WaitFreeArrayValuePool() {
-  allocator.deallocate(pool, (size_t)size);
+  // invoke destructor for each pool element
+  for (int i = 0; i != size_; ++i) {
+    pool_array_[i].~Atomic();
+  }
+
+  // free memory
+  allocator_.deallocate(pool_array_, static_cast<size_t>(size_));
 }
 }
+
+template<typename Type, Type Undefined, class Allocator >
+size_t WaitFreeArrayValuePool<Type, Undefined, Allocator>::
+GetMinimumElementCountForGuaranteedCapacity(size_t capacity) {
+  // for this value pool, this is just capacity...
+  return capacity;
+}
+
 } // namespace containers
 } // namespace containers
 } // namespace embb
 } // namespace embb
 
 

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/lock_free_mpmc_queue.h

@@ -113,8 +113,17 @@ class LockFreeMPMCQueue {
    * least as many elements, maybe more.
    * least as many elements, maybe more.
    */
    */
   size_t capacity;
   size_t capacity;
-  // Do not change the ordering of class local variables.
-  // Important for initialization.
+
+  /**
+   * The object pool, used for lock-free memory allocation.
+   *
+   * Warning: the objectPool has to be initialized before the hazardPointer
+   * object, to be sure that the hazardPointer object is destructed before the
+   * Pool as the hazardPointer object might return elements to the pool in its
+   * destructor. So the ordering of the members objectPool and hazardPointer is
+   * important here!
+   */
+  ObjectPool< internal::LockFreeMPMCQueueNode<Type>, ValuePool > objectPool;
 
 
   /**
   /**
    * Callback to the method that is called by hazard pointers if a pointer is
    * Callback to the method that is called by hazard pointers if a pointer is
@@ -124,15 +133,17 @@ class LockFreeMPMCQueue {
     delete_pointer_callback;
     delete_pointer_callback;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * The hazard pointer object, used for memory management.
+   * Definition of the used hazard pointer type
    */
    */
-  embb::containers::internal::HazardPointer
-    < internal::LockFreeMPMCQueueNode<Type>* > hazardPointer;
+  typedef embb::containers::internal::HazardPointer
+    < internal::LockFreeMPMCQueueNode<Type>* >
+    MPMCQueueNodeHazardPointer_t;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * The object pool, used for lock-free memory allocation.
+   * The hazard pointer object, used for memory management.
    */
    */
-  ObjectPool< internal::LockFreeMPMCQueueNode<Type>, ValuePool > objectPool;
+  MPMCQueueNodeHazardPointer_t hazardPointer;
+
 
 
   /**
   /**
    * Atomic pointer to the head node of the queue
    * Atomic pointer to the head node of the queue

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/lock_free_stack.h

@@ -187,11 +187,6 @@ class LockFreeStack {
     delete_pointer_callback;
     delete_pointer_callback;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * The hazard pointer object, used for memory management.
-   */
-  internal::HazardPointer<internal::LockFreeStackNode<Type>*> hazardPointer;
-
-  /**
    * The callback function, used to cleanup non-hazardous pointers.
    * The callback function, used to cleanup non-hazardous pointers.
    * \see delete_pointer_callback
    * \see delete_pointer_callback
    */
    */
@@ -199,10 +194,27 @@ class LockFreeStack {
 
 
   /**
   /**
    * The object pool, used for lock-free memory allocation.
    * The object pool, used for lock-free memory allocation.
+   *
+   * Warning: the objectPool has to be initialized before the hazardPointer
+   * object, to be sure that the hazardPointer object is destructed before the
+   * Pool as the hazardPointer object might return elements to the pool in its
+   * destructor. So the ordering of the members objectPool and hazardPointer is
+   * important here!
    */
    */
   ObjectPool< internal::LockFreeStackNode<Type>, ValuePool > objectPool;
   ObjectPool< internal::LockFreeStackNode<Type>, ValuePool > objectPool;
 
 
   /**
   /**
+   * Definition of the used hazard pointer type
+   */
+  typedef internal::HazardPointer < internal::LockFreeStackNode<Type>* >
+    StackNodeHazardPointer_t;
+
+  /**
+   * The hazard pointer object, used for memory management.
+   */
+  StackNodeHazardPointer_t hazardPointer;
+
+  /**
    * Atomic pointer to the top node of the stack (element that is popped next)
    * Atomic pointer to the top node of the stack (element that is popped next)
    */
    */
   embb::base::Atomic<internal::LockFreeStackNode<Type>*> top;
   embb::base::Atomic<internal::LockFreeStackNode<Type>*> top;

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/lock_free_tree_value_pool.h

@@ -123,22 +123,25 @@ class LockFreeTreeValuePool {
   LockFreeTreeValuePool& operator=(const LockFreeTreeValuePool&);
   LockFreeTreeValuePool& operator=(const LockFreeTreeValuePool&);
 
 
   // See algorithm description above
   // See algorithm description above
-  int size;
+  int size_;
 
 
   // See algorithm description above
   // See algorithm description above
-  int tree_size;
+  int tree_size_;
 
 
   // See algorithm description above
   // See algorithm description above
-  int real_size;
+  int real_size_;
 
 
   // The tree above the pool
   // The tree above the pool
-  embb::base::Atomic<int>* tree;
+  embb::base::Atomic<int>* tree_;
 
 
   // The actual pool
   // The actual pool
-  embb::base::Atomic<Type>* pool;
+  embb::base::Atomic<Type>* pool_;
 
 
-  PoolAllocator poolAllocator;
-  TreeAllocator treeAllocator;
+  // respective allocator
+  PoolAllocator pool_allocator_;
+
+  // respective allocator
+  TreeAllocator tree_allocator_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
    * Computes smallest power of two fitting the specified value
    * Computes smallest power of two fitting the specified value
@@ -278,6 +281,18 @@ class LockFreeTreeValuePool {
   );
   );
 
 
   /**
   /**
+   * Due to concurrency effects, a pool might provide less elements than managed
+   * by it. However, usually one wants to guarantee a minimal capacity. The
+   * count of elements, that must be given to the pool when to guarantee \c
+   * capacity elements is computed using this function.
+   *
+   * \return count of indices the pool has to be initialized with
+   */
+  static size_t GetMinimumElementCountForGuaranteedCapacity(
+    size_t capacity
+    /**< [IN] count of indices that shall be guaranteed */);
+
+  /**
    * Destructs the pool.
    * Destructs the pool.
    *
    *
    * \notthreadsafe
    * \notthreadsafe

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/object_pool.h

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
 
 
 namespace embb {
 namespace embb {
 namespace containers {
 namespace containers {
-
 /**
 /**
  * \defgroup CPP_CONTAINERS_POOLS Pools
  * \defgroup CPP_CONTAINERS_POOLS Pools
  * Concurrent pools
  * Concurrent pools
@@ -62,22 +61,29 @@ class ObjectPool {
   /**
   /**
    * Allocator used to allocate elements of the object pool
    * Allocator used to allocate elements of the object pool
    */
    */
-  ObjectAllocator objectAllocator;
+  ObjectAllocator object_allocator_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Array holding the allocated object
+   * Capacity of the object pool
    */
    */
-  Type* objects;
+  size_t capacity_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
-   * Capacity of the object pool
+   * The size of the underlying value pool. This is also the size of the object
+   * array in this class. It is assumed, that the valuepool manages indices in
+   * range [0;value_pool_size_-1].
    */
    */
-  size_t capacity;
+  size_t value_pool_size_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
    * Underlying value pool
    * Underlying value pool
    */
    */
-  ValuePool p;
+  ValuePool value_pool_;
+
+  /**
+   * Array holding the allocated object
+   */
+  Type* objects_array_;
 
 
   /**
   /**
    * Helper providing a virtual iterator that just returns true in each
    * Helper providing a virtual iterator that just returns true in each

containers_cpp/include/embb/containers/wait_free_array_value_pool.h

@@ -39,12 +39,30 @@ namespace containers {
  * \ingroup CPP_CONCEPT
  * \ingroup CPP_CONCEPT
  * \{
  * \{
  * \par Description
  * \par Description
- * A value pool is a fixed-size multiset of elements, where each element has a
- * unique index. The elements cannot be modified and are given at construction
- * time (by providing first/last iterators). A value pool provides two
- * operations: \c Allocate and \c Free. \c Allocate removes an element from the
- * pool, and \c Free returns an element to the pool. It is only allowed to
- * free elements that have previously been allocated.
+ * A value pool is a multi-set of elements, where each element has a unique,
+ * continuous (starting with 0) index. The elements cannot be modified and are
+ * given at construction time by providing first/last iterators.
+ *
+ * \par
+ * A value pool provides two primary operations: \c Allocate and \c Free. \c
+ * Allocate allocates an element/index "pair" (index via return, element via
+ * reference parameter) from the pool, and \c Free returns an element/index pair
+ * to the pool. To guarantee linearizability, \c element is not allowed to be
+ * modified between \c Allocate and \c Free. It is only allowed to free elements
+ * that have previously been allocated. The \c Allocate function does not
+ * guarantee an order on which indices are allocated. The count of elements that
+ * can be allocated with \c Allocate might be smaller than the count of
+ * elements, the pool is initialized with. This might be because of
+ * implementation details and respective concurrency effects: for example, if
+ * indices are managed within a queue, one has to protect queue elements from
+ * concurrency effects (reuse and access). As long as a thread potentially
+ * accesses a node (and with that an index), the respective index cannot not be
+ * given out to the user, even if being logically not part of the pool anymore.
+ * However, the user might want to guarantee a certain amount of indices to the
+ * user. Therefore, the static \c GetMinimumElementCountForGuaranteedCapacity
+ * method is used. The user passes the count of indices to this method, that
+ * shall be guaranteed by the pool. The method returns the count on indices, the
+ * pool has to be initialized with in order to guarantee this count on indices.
  *
  *
  * \par Requirements
  * \par Requirements
  * - Let \c Pool be the pool class
  * - Let \c Pool be the pool class
@@ -54,6 +72,7 @@ namespace containers {
  * - Let \c i, j be forward iterators supporting \c std::distance.
  * - Let \c i, j be forward iterators supporting \c std::distance.
  * - Let \c c be an object of type \c Type&
  * - Let \c c be an object of type \c Type&
  * - Let \c e be a value of type \c int
  * - Let \c e be a value of type \c int
+ * - Let \c f be a value of type \c int
  *
  *
  * \par Valid Expressions
  * \par Valid Expressions
  *
  *
@@ -72,7 +91,7 @@ namespace containers {
  *     the bottom element. The bottom element cannot be stored in the pool, it
  *     the bottom element. The bottom element cannot be stored in the pool, it
  *     is exclusively used to mark empty cells. The pool initially contains
  *     is exclusively used to mark empty cells. The pool initially contains
  *     \c std::distance(i, j) elements which are copied during construction from
  *     \c std::distance(i, j) elements which are copied during construction from
- *     the range \c [i, j). A concrete class satisfying the value pool concept
+ *     the range \c [i, j]. A concrete class satisfying the value pool concept
  *     might provide additional template parameters for specifying allocators.
  *     might provide additional template parameters for specifying allocators.
  *     </td>
  *     </td>
  *   </tr>
  *   </tr>
@@ -80,9 +99,10 @@ namespace containers {
  *     <td>\code{.cpp} Allocate(c) \endcode</td>
  *     <td>\code{.cpp} Allocate(c) \endcode</td>
  *     <td>\c int</td>
  *     <td>\c int</td>
  *     <td>
  *     <td>
- *     Gets an element from the pool. Returns -1, if no element is available,
- *     i.e., the pool is empty. Otherwise, returns the index of the element in
- *     the pool. The value of the pool element is written into reference \c c.
+ *     Allocates an element/index "pair" from the pool. Returns -1, if no
+ *     element is available, i.e., the pool is empty. Otherwise, returns the
+ *     index of the element in the pool. The value of the pool element is
+ *     written into parameter reference \c c.
  *     </td>
  *     </td>
  *   </tr>
  *   </tr>
  *   <tr>
  *   <tr>
@@ -93,6 +113,15 @@ namespace containers {
  *     \c Allocate. For each allocated element, \c Free must be called exactly
  *     \c Allocate. For each allocated element, \c Free must be called exactly
  *     once.</td>
  *     once.</td>
  *   </tr>
  *   </tr>
+ *   <tr>
+ *     <td>\code{.cpp} GetMinimumElementCountForGuaranteedCapacity(f)
+ *     \endcode</td>
+ *     <td>\c void</td>
+ *     <td>Static method, returns the count of indices, the user has to
+ *     initialize the pool with in order to guarantee a count of \c f elements
+ *     (irrespective of concurrency effects).
+ *      </td>
+ *   </tr>
  * </table>
  * </table>
  *
  *
  * \}
  * \}
@@ -116,10 +145,10 @@ template<typename Type,
   class Allocator = embb::base::Allocator< embb::base::Atomic<Type> > >
   class Allocator = embb::base::Allocator< embb::base::Atomic<Type> > >
 class WaitFreeArrayValuePool {
 class WaitFreeArrayValuePool {
  private:
  private:
-  int size;
-  embb::base::Atomic<Type>* pool;
+  int size_;
+  embb::base::Atomic<Type>* pool_array_;
   WaitFreeArrayValuePool();
   WaitFreeArrayValuePool();
-  Allocator allocator;
+  Allocator allocator_;
 
 
   // Prevent copy-construction
   // Prevent copy-construction
   WaitFreeArrayValuePool(const WaitFreeArrayValuePool&);
   WaitFreeArrayValuePool(const WaitFreeArrayValuePool&);
@@ -150,6 +179,18 @@ class WaitFreeArrayValuePool {
   );
   );
 
 
   /**
   /**
+   * Due to concurrency effects, a pool might provide less elements than managed
+   * by it. However, usually one wants to guarantee a minimal capacity. The
+   * count of elements, that must be given to the pool when to guarantee \c
+   * capacity elements is computed using this function.
+   *
+   * \return count of indices the pool has to be initialized with
+   */
+  static size_t GetMinimumElementCountForGuaranteedCapacity(
+    size_t capacity
+    /**< [IN] count of indices that shall be guaranteed */);
+
+  /**
    * Destructs the pool.
    * Destructs the pool.
    *
    *
    * \notthreadsafe
    * \notthreadsafe

containers_cpp/test/hazard_pointer_test.cc

@@ -31,24 +31,71 @@
 namespace embb {
 namespace embb {
 namespace containers {
 namespace containers {
 namespace test {
 namespace test {
+IntObjectTestPool::IntObjectTestPool(unsigned int pool_size) :
+poolSize(pool_size) {
+  simplePoolObjects = static_cast<int*>(
+    embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(sizeof(int)*pool_size));
+
+  simplePool = static_cast<embb::base::Atomic<int>*> (
+    embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(sizeof(embb::base::Atomic<int>)*
+    pool_size));
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != pool_size; ++i) {
+    // in-place new for each array cell
+    new (&simplePool[i]) embb::base::Atomic<int>;
+  }
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != pool_size; ++i) {
+    simplePool[i] = FREE_MARKER;
+    simplePoolObjects[i] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+IntObjectTestPool::~IntObjectTestPool() {
+  embb::base::Allocation::Free(simplePoolObjects);
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != poolSize; ++i) {
+    // in-place new for each array cell
+    simplePool[i].~Atomic();
+  }
+
+  embb::base::Allocation::Free(simplePool);
+}
+
+int* IntObjectTestPool::Allocate() {
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != poolSize; ++i) {
+    int expected = FREE_MARKER;
+    if (simplePool[i].CompareAndSwap
+      (expected, ALLOCATED_MARKER)) {
+      return &simplePoolObjects[i];
+    }
+  }
+  return 0;
+}
+
+void IntObjectTestPool::Release(int* object_pointer) {
+  int cell = object_pointer - simplePoolObjects;
+  simplePool[cell].Store(FREE_MARKER);
+}
+
 HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest() :
 HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest() :
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
 #pragma warning(push)
 #pragma warning(push)
 #pragma warning(disable:4355)
 #pragma warning(disable:4355)
 #endif
 #endif
-  delete_pointer_callback(*this, &HazardPointerTest::DeletePointerCallback),
+delete_pointer_callback_(*this, &HazardPointerTest::DeletePointerCallback),
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
 #ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
 #pragma warning(pop)
 #pragma warning(pop)
 #endif
 #endif
-  object_pool(NULL),
-  stack(NULL),
-  hp(NULL),
-n_threads(static_cast<int>
+  object_pool_(NULL),
+  stack_(NULL),
+  hazard_pointer_(NULL),
+  n_threads_(static_cast<int>
   (partest::TestSuite::GetDefaultNumThreads())) {
   (partest::TestSuite::GetDefaultNumThreads())) {
-  n_elements_per_thread = 100;
-  n_elements = n_threads*n_elements_per_thread;
+  n_elements_per_thread_ = 100;
+  n_elements_ = n_threads_*n_elements_per_thread_;
   embb::base::Function < void, embb::base::Atomic<int>* >
   embb::base::Function < void, embb::base::Atomic<int>* >
-    delete_pointer_callback(
+    deletePointerCallback(
     *this,
     *this,
     &HazardPointerTest::DeletePointerCallback);
     &HazardPointerTest::DeletePointerCallback);
 
 
@@ -59,45 +106,52 @@ n_threads(static_cast<int>
   // placed, the pointer is not allowed to be deleted until the second thread
   // placed, the pointer is not allowed to be deleted until the second thread
   // removes this guard.
   // removes this guard.
   CreateUnit("HazardPointerTestThatGuardWorks").
   CreateUnit("HazardPointerTestThatGuardWorks").
-    Pre(&HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1_Pre, this).
+    Pre(&HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1Pre, this).
     Add(
     Add(
-    &HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1_ThreadMethod,
-    this, static_cast<size_t>(n_threads)).
-    Post(&HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1_Post, this);
+    &HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1ThreadMethod,
+    this, static_cast<size_t>(n_threads_)).
+    Post(&HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1Post, this);
 }
 }
 
 
-void HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1_Pre() {
+void HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1Pre() {
   embb_internal_thread_index_reset();
   embb_internal_thread_index_reset();
-  object_pool = new embb::containers::ObjectPool< embb::base::Atomic<int> >
-    (static_cast<size_t>(n_elements));
-  stack = new embb::containers::LockFreeStack< embb::base::Atomic<int>* >
-    (static_cast<size_t>(n_elements));
-  hp = new embb::containers::internal::HazardPointer< embb::base::Atomic<int>*>
-    (delete_pointer_callback,
-    NULL,
+
+  object_pool_ =
+     embb::base::Allocation::
+     New<embb::containers::ObjectPool< embb::base::Atomic<int> > >
+     (static_cast<size_t>(n_elements_));
+
+  stack_ = embb::base::Allocation::
+    New<embb::containers::LockFreeStack< embb::base::Atomic<int>* > >
+    (static_cast<size_t>(n_elements_));
+
+  hazard_pointer_ = embb::base::Allocation::
+    New<embb::containers::internal::HazardPointer < embb::base::Atomic<int>* > >
+    (delete_pointer_callback_,
+    static_cast<embb::base::Atomic<int>*>(NULL),
     1);
     1);
 }
 }
 
 
-void HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1_Post() {
-  delete object_pool;
-  delete stack;
-  delete hp;
+void HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1Post() {
+  embb::base::Allocation::Delete(hazard_pointer_);
+  embb::base::Allocation::Delete(object_pool_);
+  embb::base::Allocation::Delete(stack_);
 }
 }
 
 
-void HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1_ThreadMethod() {
+void HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1ThreadMethod() {
   unsigned int thread_index;
   unsigned int thread_index;
   embb_internal_thread_index(&thread_index);
   embb_internal_thread_index(&thread_index);
 
 
-  for (int i = 0; i != n_elements_per_thread; ++i) {
-    embb::base::Atomic<int>* allocated_object = object_pool->Allocate(0);
+  for (int i = 0; i != n_elements_per_thread_; ++i) {
+    embb::base::Atomic<int>* allocated_object = object_pool_->Allocate(0);
 
 
-    hp->GuardPointer(0, allocated_object);
+    hazard_pointer_->Guard(0, allocated_object);
 
 
-    bool success = stack->TryPush(allocated_object);
+    bool success = stack_->TryPush(allocated_object);
 
 
     PT_ASSERT(success == true);
     PT_ASSERT(success == true);
 
 
-    embb::base::Atomic<int>* allocated_object_from_different_thread;
+    embb::base::Atomic<int>* allocated_object_from_different_thread(0);
 
 
     int diff_count = 0;
     int diff_count = 0;
 
 
@@ -105,50 +159,365 @@ void HazardPointerTest::HazardPointerTest1_ThreadMethod() {
     bool success_pop;
     bool success_pop;
 
 
     while (
     while (
-      (success_pop = stack->TryPop(allocated_object_from_different_thread))
+      (success_pop = stack_->TryPop(allocated_object_from_different_thread))
       == true
       == true
       && allocated_object_from_different_thread == allocated_object
       && allocated_object_from_different_thread == allocated_object
       ) {
       ) {
-      //try to make it probable to get an element from a different thread
-      //however, can be the same. Try 10000 times to get a different element.
+      // try to make it probable to get an element from a different thread
+      // however, can be the same. Try 10000 times to get a different element.
       if (diff_count++ > 10000) {
       if (diff_count++ > 10000) {
         same = true;
         same = true;
         break;
         break;
       }
       }
-      bool success = stack->TryPush(allocated_object_from_different_thread);
+      bool success = stack_->TryPush(allocated_object_from_different_thread);
       PT_ASSERT(success == true);
       PT_ASSERT(success == true);
     }
     }
     PT_ASSERT(success_pop == true);
     PT_ASSERT(success_pop == true);
     allocated_object->Store(1);
     allocated_object->Store(1);
-    hp->EnqueuePointerForDeletion(allocated_object);
+    hazard_pointer_->EnqueueForDeletion(allocated_object);
 
 
     if (!same) {
     if (!same) {
-      hp->GuardPointer(0, allocated_object_from_different_thread);
+      hazard_pointer_->Guard(0, allocated_object_from_different_thread);
 
 
       // if this holds, we were successful in guarding... otherwise we
       // if this holds, we were successful in guarding... otherwise we
       // were to late, because the pointer has already been added
       // were to late, because the pointer has already been added
       // to the retired list.
       // to the retired list.
       if (*allocated_object_from_different_thread == 0) {
       if (*allocated_object_from_different_thread == 0) {
         // the pointer must not be deleted here!
         // the pointer must not be deleted here!
-        vector_mutex.Lock();
+        vector_mutex_.Lock();
         for (std::vector< embb::base::Atomic<int>* >::iterator
         for (std::vector< embb::base::Atomic<int>* >::iterator
-          it = deleted_vector.begin();
-          it != deleted_vector.end();
+          it = deleted_vector_.begin();
+          it != deleted_vector_.end();
         ++it) {
         ++it) {
           PT_ASSERT(*it != allocated_object_from_different_thread);
           PT_ASSERT(*it != allocated_object_from_different_thread);
         }
         }
-        vector_mutex.Unlock();
+        vector_mutex_.Unlock();
       }
       }
-      hp->GuardPointer(0, NULL);
+      hazard_pointer_->Guard(0, NULL);
     }
     }
   }
   }
 }
 }
 
 
 void HazardPointerTest::DeletePointerCallback
 void HazardPointerTest::DeletePointerCallback
 (embb::base::Atomic<int>* to_delete) {
 (embb::base::Atomic<int>* to_delete) {
-  vector_mutex.Lock();
-  deleted_vector.push_back(to_delete);
-  vector_mutex.Unlock();
+  vector_mutex_.Lock();
+  deleted_vector_.push_back(to_delete);
+  vector_mutex_.Unlock();
+}
+
+void HazardPointerTest2::DeletePointerCallback(int* to_delete) {
+  test_pool_->Release(to_delete);
+}
+
+bool HazardPointerTest2::SetRelativeGuards() {
+  unsigned int thread_index;
+  embb_internal_thread_index(&thread_index);
+
+  unsigned int my_begin = guards_per_phread_count_*thread_index;
+  int guard_number = 0;
+  unsigned int alreadyGuarded = 0;
+
+  for (unsigned int i = my_begin; i != my_begin + guards_per_phread_count_;
+    ++i) {
+    if (shared_guarded_[i] != 0) {
+      alreadyGuarded++;
+      guard_number++;
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    int * to_guard = shared_allocated_[i];
+    if (to_guard) {
+      hazard_pointer_->Guard(guard_number, to_guard);
+
+      // changed in the meantime?
+      if (to_guard == shared_allocated_[i].Load()) {
+        // guard was successful. Communicate to other threads.
+        shared_guarded_[i] = to_guard;
+      } else {
+        // reset the guard, couldn't guard...
+        hazard_pointer_->RemoveGuard(guard_number);
+      }
+    }
+    guard_number++;
+  }
+  return(alreadyGuarded == guards_per_phread_count_);
+}
+
+void HazardPointerTest2::HazardPointerTest2Master() {
+  // while the hazard pointer guard array is not full
+  int** allocatedLocal = static_cast<int**>(
+  embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(sizeof(int*)*guaranteed_capacity_pool_));
+
+  bool full = false;
+  while (!full) {
+    full = true;
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+      if (shared_guarded_[i] == 0) {
+        full = false;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+
+    // not all guards set
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+      allocatedLocal[i] = test_pool_->Allocate();
+      shared_allocated_[i].Store(allocatedLocal[i]);
+    }
+
+    // set my hazards. We do not have to check, this must be successful
+    // here.
+    SetRelativeGuards();
+
+    // free
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+      shared_allocated_[i].Store(0);
+      hazard_pointer_->EnqueueForDeletion(allocatedLocal[i]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  embb::base::Allocation::Free(allocatedLocal);
+}
+
+void HazardPointerTest2::HazardPointerTest2Slave() {
+  unsigned int thread_index;
+  embb_internal_thread_index(&thread_index);
+
+  while (!SetRelativeGuards()) {}
+}
+
+void HazardPointerTest2::HazardPointerTest2Pre() {
+  embb_internal_thread_index_reset();
+  current_master_ = 0;
+  sync1_ = 0;
+  sync2_ = 0;
+
+  // first the test pool has to be created
+  test_pool_ = embb::base::Allocation::New<IntObjectTestPool>
+    (pool_size_using_hazard_pointer_);
+
+  // after the pool has been created, we create the hp class
+  hazard_pointer_ = embb::base::Allocation::New <
+    embb::containers::internal::HazardPointer<int*> >
+    (delete_pointer_callback_, static_cast<int*>(NULL),
+    static_cast<int>(guards_per_phread_count_), n_threads);
+
+  shared_guarded_ = static_cast<embb::base::Atomic<int*>*>(
+    embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(sizeof(embb::base::Atomic<int*>)*
+    guaranteed_capacity_pool_));
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+    // in-place new for each array cell
+    new (&shared_guarded_[i]) embb::base::Atomic < int* >;
+  }
+
+  shared_allocated_ = static_cast<embb::base::Atomic<int*>*>(
+    embb::base::Allocation::Allocate(sizeof(embb::base::Atomic<int*>)*
+    guaranteed_capacity_pool_));
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i !=
+  guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+    // in-place new for each array cell
+    new (&shared_allocated_[i]) embb::base::Atomic < int* >;
+  }
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+    shared_guarded_[i] = 0;
+    shared_allocated_[i] = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+void HazardPointerTest2::HazardPointerTest2Post() {
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads); ++i) {
+    for (unsigned int i2 = 0; i2 != static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads)*
+      guards_per_phread_count_; ++i2) {
+      if (hazard_pointer_->thread_local_retired_lists_
+        [i2 + i*n_threads*guards_per_phread_count_] == NULL) {
+        // all retired lists must be completely filled
+        PT_ASSERT(false);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  unsigned int checks = 0;
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads); ++i) {
+    for (unsigned int i2 = 0; i2 != static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads)*
+      guards_per_phread_count_; ++i2) {
+      for (unsigned int j = 0; j != static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads); ++j) {
+        for (unsigned int j2 = 0; j2 != static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads)*
+          guards_per_phread_count_; ++j2) {
+          if (i2 == j2 && i == j)
+            continue;
+
+          // all retired elements have to be disjoint
+          PT_ASSERT(
+            hazard_pointer_->thread_local_retired_lists_
+            [i2 + i*n_threads*guards_per_phread_count_] !=
+            hazard_pointer_->thread_local_retired_lists_
+            [j2 + j*n_threads*guards_per_phread_count_]);
+
+          checks++;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // sanity check on the count of expected comparisons.
+  PT_ASSERT(
+    checks ==
+    n_threads*n_threads*guards_per_phread_count_ *
+    (n_threads*n_threads*guards_per_phread_count_ - 1));
+
+  std::vector< int* > additionallyAllocated;
+
+  // we should be able to still allocate the guaranteed capacity of
+  // elements from the pool.
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+    int* allocated = test_pool_->Allocate();
+
+    // allocated is not allowed to be zero
+    PT_ASSERT(allocated != NULL);
+
+    // push to vector, to check if elements are disjunctive and to release
+    // afterwards.
+    additionallyAllocated.push_back(allocated);
+  }
+
+  // the pool should now be empty
+  PT_ASSERT(test_pool_->Allocate() == NULL);
+
+  // release allocated elements...
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != additionallyAllocated.size(); ++i) {
+    test_pool_->Release(additionallyAllocated[i]);
+  }
+
+  // the additionallyAllocated elements shall be disjoint
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != additionallyAllocated.size(); ++i) {
+    for (unsigned int i2 = 0; i2 != additionallyAllocated.size(); ++i2) {
+      if (i == i2)
+        continue;
+      PT_ASSERT(additionallyAllocated[i] !=
+        additionallyAllocated[i2]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // no allocated element should be in any retired list...
+  for (unsigned int a = 0; a != additionallyAllocated.size(); ++a) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads); ++i) {
+      for (unsigned int i2 = 0; i2 != static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads)*
+        guards_per_phread_count_; ++i2) {
+        PT_ASSERT(
+          hazard_pointer_->thread_local_retired_lists_
+          [i2 + i*n_threads*guards_per_phread_count_] !=
+          additionallyAllocated[a]);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+    // in-place new for each array cell
+    shared_guarded_[i].~Atomic();
+  }
+
+  embb::base::Allocation::Free(shared_guarded_);
+
+  for (unsigned int i = 0; i != guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+    // in-place new for each array cell
+    shared_allocated_[i].~Atomic();
+  }
+
+  embb::base::Allocation::Free(shared_allocated_);
+  embb::base::Allocation::Delete(hazard_pointer_);
+
+  // after deleting the hazard pointer object, all retired pointers have
+  // to be returned to the pool!
+  std::vector<int*> elementsInPool;
+
+  int* nextElement;
+  while ((nextElement = test_pool_->Allocate()) != NULL) {
+    for (unsigned int i = 0; i != elementsInPool.size(); ++i) {
+      // all elements need to be disjoint
+      PT_ASSERT(elementsInPool[i] != nextElement);
+    }
+    elementsInPool.push_back(nextElement);
+  }
+
+  // all elements should have been returned by the hp object, so we should be
+  // able to acquire all elements.
+  PT_ASSERT(elementsInPool.size() == pool_size_using_hazard_pointer_);
+
+  embb::base::Allocation::Delete(test_pool_);
+}
+
+void HazardPointerTest2::HazardPointerTest2ThreadMethod() {
+  for (;;) {
+    unsigned int thread_index;
+    embb_internal_thread_index(&thread_index);
+
+    if (thread_index == current_master_) {
+      HazardPointerTest2Master();
+    } else {
+      HazardPointerTest2Slave();
+    }
+
+    sync1_.FetchAndAdd(1);
+
+    // wait until cleanup thread signals to be finished
+    while (sync1_ != 0) {
+      int expected = n_threads;
+      int desired = FINISH_MARKER;
+      // select thread, responsible for cleanup
+      if (sync1_.CompareAndSwap(expected, desired)) {
+        // wipe arrays!
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i != guaranteed_capacity_pool_; ++i) {
+          shared_guarded_[i] = 0;
+          shared_allocated_[i] = 0;
+        }
+
+        // increase master
+        current_master_.FetchAndAdd(1);
+        sync2_ = 0;
+        sync1_.Store(0);
+      }
+    }
+
+    // wait for all threads to reach this position
+    sync2_.FetchAndAdd(1);
+    while (sync2_ != static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads)) {}
+
+    // if each thread was master once, terminate.
+    if (current_master_ == static_cast<unsigned int>(n_threads)) {
+      return;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+HazardPointerTest2::HazardPointerTest2() :
+n_threads(static_cast<int>
+(partest::TestSuite::GetDefaultNumThreads())),
+
+#ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable:4355)
+#endif
+  delete_pointer_callback_(
+  *this,
+  &HazardPointerTest2::DeletePointerCallback)
+#ifdef EMBB_PLATFORM_COMPILER_MSVC
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+{
+  guards_per_phread_count_ = 5;
+  guaranteed_capacity_pool_ = guards_per_phread_count_*n_threads;
+  pool_size_using_hazard_pointer_ = guaranteed_capacity_pool_ +
+    guards_per_phread_count_*n_threads*n_threads;
+
+  embb::base::Thread::GetThreadsMaxCount();
+  CreateUnit("HazardPointerTestSimulateMemoryWorstCase").
+    Pre(&HazardPointerTest2::HazardPointerTest2Pre, this).
+    Add(
+    &HazardPointerTest2::HazardPointerTest2ThreadMethod,
+    this, static_cast<size_t>(n_threads)).
+    Post(&HazardPointerTest2::HazardPointerTest2Post, this);
 }
 }
 }  // namespace test
 }  // namespace test
 }  // namespace containers
 }  // namespace containers

containers_cpp/test/hazard_pointer_test.h

@@ -36,32 +36,112 @@
 namespace embb {
 namespace embb {
 namespace containers {
 namespace containers {
 namespace test {
 namespace test {
-class HazardPointerTest : public partest::TestCase {
+/**
+ * @brief a very simple wait-free object pool implementation to have tests
+ * being independent of the EMBB object pool implementation.
+ */
+class IntObjectTestPool {
  private:
  private:
-  embb::base::Function<void, embb::base::Atomic<int>*> delete_pointer_callback;
+  int* simplePoolObjects;
+  embb::base::Atomic<int>* simplePool;
 
 
-  //used to allocate random stuff, we will just use the pointers, not the
-  //contents
-  embb::containers::ObjectPool< embb::base::Atomic<int> >* object_pool;
+ public:
+  static const int ALLOCATED_MARKER = 1;
+  static const int FREE_MARKER = 0;
+  unsigned int poolSize;
 
 
-  //used to move pointer between threads
-  embb::containers::LockFreeStack< embb::base::Atomic<int>* >* stack;
-  embb::base::Mutex vector_mutex;
-  embb::containers::internal::HazardPointer<embb::base::Atomic<int>*>* hp;
-  std::vector< embb::base::Atomic<int>* > deleted_vector;
-  int n_threads;
-  int n_elements_per_thread;
-  int n_elements;
+  explicit IntObjectTestPool(unsigned int pool_size);
+
+  ~IntObjectTestPool();
 
 
+  /**
+   * Allocate object from the pool
+   *
+   * @return the allocated object
+   */
+  int* Allocate();
+
+  /**
+   * Return an element to the pool
+   *
+   * @param objectPointer the object to be freed
+   */
+  void Release(int* object_pointer);
+};
+
+class HazardPointerTest : public partest::TestCase {
  public:
  public:
   /**
   /**
   * Adds test methods.
   * Adds test methods.
   */
   */
   HazardPointerTest();
   HazardPointerTest();
-  void HazardPointerTest1_Pre();
-  void HazardPointerTest1_Post();
-  void HazardPointerTest1_ThreadMethod();
+  void HazardPointerTest1Pre();
+  void HazardPointerTest1Post();
+  void HazardPointerTest1ThreadMethod();
   void DeletePointerCallback(embb::base::Atomic<int>* to_delete);
   void DeletePointerCallback(embb::base::Atomic<int>* to_delete);
+
+ private:
+  embb::base::Function<void, embb::base::Atomic<int>*> delete_pointer_callback_;
+
+  //used to allocate random stuff, we will just use the pointers, not the
+  //contents
+  embb::containers::ObjectPool< embb::base::Atomic<int> >* object_pool_;
+
+  //used to move pointer between threads
+  embb::containers::LockFreeStack< embb::base::Atomic<int>* >* stack_;
+  embb::base::Mutex vector_mutex_;
+  embb::containers::internal::HazardPointer<embb::base::Atomic<int>*>*
+    hazard_pointer_;
+  std::vector< embb::base::Atomic<int>* > deleted_vector_;
+  int n_threads_;
+  int n_elements_per_thread_;
+  int n_elements_;
+};
+
+class HazardPointerTest2 : public partest::TestCase {
+ public:
+  void DeletePointerCallback(int* to_delete);
+  bool SetRelativeGuards();
+  void HazardPointerTest2Master();
+  void HazardPointerTest2Slave();
+
+  void HazardPointerTest2Pre();
+  void HazardPointerTest2Post();
+
+  void HazardPointerTest2ThreadMethod();
+
+  HazardPointerTest2();
+
+ private:
+  // number of threads, participating in that test
+  int n_threads;
+
+  embb::base::Function<void, int*> delete_pointer_callback_;
+  // the thread id of the master
+  embb::base::Atomic<unsigned int> current_master_;
+
+  // variables, to synchronize threads. At each point in time, one master,
+  // the master changes each round until each thread was assigned master once.
+  embb::base::Atomic<int> sync1_;
+  embb::base::Atomic<unsigned int> sync2_;
+
+  unsigned int guards_per_phread_count_;
+  unsigned int guaranteed_capacity_pool_;
+  unsigned int pool_size_using_hazard_pointer_;
+
+  // The threads write here, if they guarded an object successfully. Used to
+  // determine when all allocated objects were guarded successfully.
+  embb::base::Atomic<int*>* shared_guarded_;
+
+  // This array is used by the master, to communicate and share what he has
+  // allocated with the slaves.
+  embb::base::Atomic<int*>* shared_allocated_;
+
+  // Reference to the object pool
+  IntObjectTestPool* test_pool_;
+
+  embb::containers::internal::HazardPointer<int*>* hazard_pointer_;
+  static const int FINISH_MARKER = -1;
 };
 };
 } // namespace test
 } // namespace test
 } // namespace containers
 } // namespace containers

containers_cpp/test/main.cc

@@ -55,6 +55,7 @@ using embb::containers::test::HazardPointerTest;
 using embb::containers::test::QueueTest;
 using embb::containers::test::QueueTest;
 using embb::containers::test::StackTest;
 using embb::containers::test::StackTest;
 using embb::containers::test::ObjectPoolTest;
 using embb::containers::test::ObjectPoolTest;
+using embb::containers::test::HazardPointerTest2;
 
 
 PT_MAIN("Data Structures C++") {
 PT_MAIN("Data Structures C++") {
   unsigned int max_threads = static_cast<unsigned int>(
   unsigned int max_threads = static_cast<unsigned int>(
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ PT_MAIN("Data Structures C++") {
   PT_RUN(PoolTest< WaitFreeArrayValuePool<int COMMA -1> >);
   PT_RUN(PoolTest< WaitFreeArrayValuePool<int COMMA -1> >);
   PT_RUN(PoolTest< LockFreeTreeValuePool<int COMMA -1> >);
   PT_RUN(PoolTest< LockFreeTreeValuePool<int COMMA -1> >);
   PT_RUN(HazardPointerTest);
   PT_RUN(HazardPointerTest);
+  PT_RUN(HazardPointerTest2);
   PT_RUN(QueueTest< WaitFreeSPSCQueue< ::std::pair<size_t COMMA int> > >);
   PT_RUN(QueueTest< WaitFreeSPSCQueue< ::std::pair<size_t COMMA int> > >);
   PT_RUN(QueueTest< LockFreeMPMCQueue< ::std::pair<size_t COMMA int> >
   PT_RUN(QueueTest< LockFreeMPMCQueue< ::std::pair<size_t COMMA int> >
     COMMA true COMMA true >);
     COMMA true COMMA true >);

dataflow_cpp/test/dataflow_cpp_test_simple.cc

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@
 #define NUM_SLICES 8
 #define NUM_SLICES 8
 #define TEST_COUNT 12
 #define TEST_COUNT 12
 
 
-typedef embb::dataflow::Network<8> MyNetwork;
+typedef embb::dataflow::Network<NUM_SLICES> MyNetwork;
 typedef MyNetwork::ConstantSource< int > MyConstantSource;
 typedef MyNetwork::ConstantSource< int > MyConstantSource;
 typedef MyNetwork::Source< int > MySource;
 typedef MyNetwork::Source< int > MySource;
 typedef MyNetwork::SerialProcess< MyNetwork::Inputs<int>::Type,
 typedef MyNetwork::SerialProcess< MyNetwork::Inputs<int>::Type,
@@ -156,9 +156,7 @@ void SimpleTest::TestBasic() {
     core_set,
     core_set,
     1024, // max tasks (default: 1024)
     1024, // max tasks (default: 1024)
     128,  // max groups (default: 128)
     128,  // max groups (default: 128)
-    // Currently needs to be initialized
-    // with (max_queues + 1), see defect embb449
-    num_cores + 1, // max queues (default: 16)
+    num_cores, // max queues (default: 16)
     1024, // queue capacity (default: 1024)
     1024, // queue capacity (default: 1024)
     4);   // num priorities (default: 4)
     4);   // num priorities (default: 4)
 
 

mtapi_c/src/embb_mtapi_id_pool_t.c

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ mtapi_uint_t embb_mtapi_id_pool_allocate(embb_mtapi_id_pool_t * that) {
       /* acquire position to fetch id from */
       /* acquire position to fetch id from */
       mtapi_uint_t id_position = that->get_id_position;
       mtapi_uint_t id_position = that->get_id_position;
       that->get_id_position++;
       that->get_id_position++;
-      if (that->capacity <= that->get_id_position) {
+      if (that->capacity < that->get_id_position) {
         that->get_id_position = 0;
         that->get_id_position = 0;
       }
       }
 
 
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ void embb_mtapi_id_pool_deallocate(
       /* acquire position to put id to */
       /* acquire position to put id to */
       mtapi_uint_t id_position = that->put_id_position;
       mtapi_uint_t id_position = that->put_id_position;
       that->put_id_position++;
       that->put_id_position++;
-      if (that->capacity <= that->put_id_position) {
+      if (that->capacity < that->put_id_position) {
         that->put_id_position = 0;
         that->put_id_position = 0;
       }
       }
 
 

mtapi_c/test/embb_mtapi_test_id_pool.cc

+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-2015, Siemens AG. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#include <embb_mtapi_test_id_pool.h>
+#include <vector>
+
+IdPoolTest::IdPoolTest() {
+  CreateUnit("mtapi id pool test single threaded").
+    Add(&IdPoolTest::TestBasic, this, 1, 1000).
+    Pre(&IdPoolTest::TestBasicPre, this).
+    Post(&IdPoolTest::TestBasicPost, this);
+
+  CreateUnit("mtapi id pool test concurrent").
+    Add(&IdPoolTest::TestParallel, this, concurrent_accessors_id_pool_2
+    , 20).
+    Post(&IdPoolTest::TestParallelPost, this).
+    Pre(&IdPoolTest::TestParallelPre, this);
+}
+
+void IdPoolTest::TestParallel() {
+  // allocate ID_ELEMENTS_PER_ACCESSOR elements. Each test thread is
+  // guaranteed to be able to allocate this amount of elements.
+  TestAllocateDeallocateNElementsFromPool(id_pool_parallel,
+    id_elements_per_accessor);
+}
+
+void IdPoolTest::TestParallelPre() {
+  // create second id pool with CONCURRENT_ACCESSORS_ID_POOL_2*
+  // ID_ELEMENTS_PER_ACCESSOR elements
+  embb_mtapi_id_pool_initialize(&id_pool_parallel,
+    concurrent_accessors_id_pool_2*id_elements_per_accessor);
+}
+
+void IdPoolTest::TestParallelPost() {
+  // after the parallel tests, try to again allocate and deallocate all
+  // elements sequentially.
+  TestAllocateDeallocateNElementsFromPool(id_pool_parallel,
+    concurrent_accessors_id_pool_2*id_elements_per_accessor, true);
+
+  // finalize pool
+  embb_mtapi_id_pool_finalize(&id_pool_parallel);
+}
+
+void IdPoolTest::TestBasic() {
+  TestAllocateDeallocateNElementsFromPool(id_pool, id_pool_size_1, true);
+}
+
+void IdPoolTest::TestBasicPre() {
+  // create id pool with ID_POOL_SIZE_1 elements
+  embb_mtapi_id_pool_initialize(&id_pool, id_pool_size_1);
+}
+
+void IdPoolTest::TestBasicPost() {
+  // finalize pool
+  embb_mtapi_id_pool_finalize(&id_pool);
+}
+
+void IdPoolTest::TestAllocateDeallocateNElementsFromPool(
+  embb_mtapi_id_pool_t &pool,
+  int count_elements,
+  bool empty_check) {
+  std::vector<unsigned int> allocated;
+
+  for (int i = 0; i != count_elements; ++i) {
+    allocated.push_back(embb_mtapi_id_pool_allocate(&pool));
+  }
+
+  // the allocated elements should be disjunctive, and never invalid element
+  for (unsigned int x = 0; x != allocated.size(); ++x) {
+    PT_ASSERT(allocated[x] != EMBB_MTAPI_IDPOOL_INVALID_ID);
+    for (unsigned int y = 0; y != allocated.size(); ++y) {
+      if (x == y) {
+        continue;
+      }
+      PT_ASSERT(allocated[x] != allocated[y]);
+    }
+  }
+
+  // now the id pool should be empty... try ten times to get an id,
+  // we should always get the invalid element
+  if (empty_check) {
+    for (int i = 0; i != 10; ++i) {
+      PT_ASSERT_EQ(embb_mtapi_id_pool_allocate(&pool),
+        static_cast<unsigned int>(EMBB_MTAPI_IDPOOL_INVALID_ID)
+        )
+    }
+  }
+
+  // now return allocated elements in a shuffled manner.
+  ::std::random_shuffle(allocated.begin(), allocated.end());
+
+  for (int i = 0; i != count_elements; ++i) {
+    embb_mtapi_id_pool_deallocate(&pool,
+      allocated[static_cast<unsigned int>(i)]);
+  }
+}
+

mtapi_c/test/embb_mtapi_test_id_pool.h

+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2014-2015, Siemens AG. All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ * this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ * and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
+ * ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
+ * INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
+ * CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
+ * ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
+ * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+#ifndef MTAPI_C_TEST_EMBB_MTAPI_TEST_ID_POOL_H_
+#define MTAPI_C_TEST_EMBB_MTAPI_TEST_ID_POOL_H_
+
+#include <partest/partest.h>
+#include <embb_mtapi_id_pool_t.h>
+
+// for shuffling a vector
+#include <algorithm>
+
+class IdPoolTest : public partest::TestCase {
+ public:
+  embb_mtapi_id_pool_t id_pool;
+  embb_mtapi_id_pool_t id_pool_parallel;
+
+  IdPoolTest();
+
+ private:
+  static const unsigned int id_pool_size_1 = 100;
+  static const unsigned int concurrent_accessors_id_pool_2 = 10;
+  static const unsigned int id_elements_per_accessor = 10;
+
+  /**  
+   * We create a pool of size number_accessors*elements_per_accessor, so
+   * at each time we can guarantee each thread to be able to allocate 
+   * elements_per_accessor elements.
+   * We create number_accessor threads, where each thread iteratively 
+   * allocates and frees elements_per_accessor elements, which in each case
+   * has to be successful. Additionally, the sanity checks from the basic tests
+   * are repeated. The TestParallelPost function also repeats all
+   * sequential tests.
+   */
+  void TestParallel();
+  void TestParallelPre();
+  void TestParallelPost();
+
+  /**
+   * Create a pool of size N. We repeatedly allocate and free N elements, check
+   * if the pool always returns disjunctive ids and check that the pool never
+   * returns the invalid element, if the pool is not empty. Check that the 
+   * invalid element is returned if the pool is empty.
+   */
+  void TestBasic();
+  void TestBasicPre();
+  void TestBasicPost();
+
+  static void TestAllocateDeallocateNElementsFromPool(
+    embb_mtapi_id_pool_t &pool,
+    int count_elements,
+    bool empty_check = false);
+};
+
+#endif // MTAPI_C_TEST_EMBB_MTAPI_TEST_ID_POOL_H_

mtapi_c/test/main.cc

@@ -37,6 +37,9 @@
 #include <embb_mtapi_test_group.h>
 #include <embb_mtapi_test_group.h>
 #include <embb_mtapi_test_queue.h>
 #include <embb_mtapi_test_queue.h>
 #include <embb_mtapi_test_error.h>
 #include <embb_mtapi_test_error.h>
+#include <embb_mtapi_test_id_pool.h>
+
+#include <embb/base/c/memory_allocation.h>
 
 
 PT_MAIN("MTAPI C") {
 PT_MAIN("MTAPI C") {
   embb_log_set_log_level(EMBB_LOG_LEVEL_NONE);
   embb_log_set_log_level(EMBB_LOG_LEVEL_NONE);
@@ -48,4 +51,7 @@ PT_MAIN("MTAPI C") {
   PT_RUN(InitFinalizeTest);
   PT_RUN(InitFinalizeTest);
   PT_RUN(GroupTest);
   PT_RUN(GroupTest);
   PT_RUN(QueueTest);
   PT_RUN(QueueTest);
+  PT_RUN(IdPoolTest);
+
+  PT_EXPECT(embb_get_bytes_allocated() == 0);
 }
 }

mtapi_cpp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,14 +5,10 @@ file(GLOB_RECURSE EMBB_MTAPI_CPP_HEADERS "include/*.h")
 file(GLOB_RECURSE EMBB_MTAPI_CPP_TEST_SOURCES "test/*.cc" "test/*.h")
 file(GLOB_RECURSE EMBB_MTAPI_CPP_TEST_SOURCES "test/*.cc" "test/*.h")
 
 
 if (USE_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZATION STREQUAL ON)
 if (USE_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZATION STREQUAL ON)
-  message("-- Automatic initialization enabled (default)")
   set(MTAPI_CPP_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZE 1)
   set(MTAPI_CPP_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZE 1)
 else()
 else()
   set(MTAPI_CPP_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZE 0)
   set(MTAPI_CPP_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZE 0)
-  message("-- Automatic initialization disabled")
 endif()
 endif()
-message("   (set with command line option -DUSE_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZATION=ON/OFF)")
-
 
 
 # Execute the GroupSources macro
 # Execute the GroupSources macro
 include(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMakeCommon/GroupSourcesMSVC.cmake)
 include(${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/CMakeCommon/GroupSourcesMSVC.cmake)

tasks_cpp/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -5,13 +5,10 @@ file(GLOB_RECURSE EMBB_TASKS_CPP_HEADERS "include/*.h")
 file(GLOB_RECURSE EMBB_TASKS_CPP_TEST_SOURCES "test/*.cc" "test/*.h")
 file(GLOB_RECURSE EMBB_TASKS_CPP_TEST_SOURCES "test/*.cc" "test/*.h")
 
 
 if (USE_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZATION STREQUAL ON)
 if (USE_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZATION STREQUAL ON)
-  message("-- Automatic initialization enabled (default)")
   set(TASKS_CPP_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZE 1)
   set(TASKS_CPP_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZE 1)
 else()
 else()
   set(TASKS_CPP_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZE 0)
   set(TASKS_CPP_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZE 0)
-  message("-- Automatic initialization disabled")
 endif()
 endif()
-message("   (set with command line option -DUSE_AUTOMATIC_INITIALIZATION=ON/OFF)")
 
 
 configure_file("include/embb/tasks/internal/cmake_config.h.in"
 configure_file("include/embb/tasks/internal/cmake_config.h.in"
                "include/embb/tasks/internal/cmake_config.h")
                "include/embb/tasks/internal/cmake_config.h")

tasks_cpp/test/tasks_cpp_test_task.cc

@@ -78,13 +78,19 @@ void TaskTest::TestBasic() {
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.GetPriority(), 0u);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.GetPriority(), 0u);
   policy.AddWorker(0u);
   policy.AddWorker(0u);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.GetAffinity(), 1u);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.GetAffinity(), 1u);
+
+  if (policy.GetCoreCount() > 1) {
     policy.AddWorker(1u);
     policy.AddWorker(1u);
     PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.GetAffinity(), 3u);
     PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.GetAffinity(), 3u);
+  }
+
   policy.RemoveWorker(0u);
   policy.RemoveWorker(0u);
-  PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.GetAffinity(), 2u);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.IsSetWorker(0), false);
   PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.IsSetWorker(0), false);
-  PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.IsSetWorker(1), true);
 
 
+  if (policy.GetCoreCount() > 1) {
+    PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.GetAffinity(), 2u);
+    PT_EXPECT_EQ(policy.IsSetWorker(1), true);
+  }
   std::string test;
   std::string test;
   embb::tasks::Task task = node.Spawn(
   embb::tasks::Task task = node.Spawn(
     embb::base::Bind(
     embb::base::Bind(